Most people think Indian currency notes are made from ordinary wood-based paper, but that’s not the case. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), these notes are crafted entirely from ‘100% cotton fibre’, chosen for its exceptional strength, durability, and advanced security advantages.

Why cotton?

Cotton-based notes are significantly more durable than standard paper. They are tear-proof, capable of withstanding frequent folding, and resist day-to-day wear and tear, humidity, and abrasive usage. The special texture and longevity of cotton also facilitate incorporating advanced security features, making it practically impossible for counterfeits to replicate—something a normal paper note wouldn’t survive.

Fans of the popular web series Farzi, where Shahid Kapoor is a currency counterfeiter, might be particularly fascinated by this. While the show itself is purely fictional, it does bring to light just how difficult it is to forge real currency, thanks largely to the cutting-edge design and choice of materials by the RBI.

Secret Security Features you Might Miss

Every Indian currency note is a sophisticated blend of science and craftsmanship, packed with advanced security features, including:

  • Security Thread: The well-known silver line embedded in the note.
  • Watermark & Electrotype Watermark: Designs and portraits that appear only when held up to the light.
  • Latent Image: Hidden marks that become visible from certain angles.
  • Microlettering: Tiny inscriptions such as ‘RBI’ or the denomination, readable only under magnification.
  • See-Through Register: Patterns printed on both sides that align perfectly to form a complete design when viewed against the light.
  • Governor’s Signature and RBI Seal: Official markers of authenticity.
  • Colour-Shifting Ink: Found on notes like the Rs 500, where the colour shifts from green to blue depending on how you look at it.

These intricate elements not only make counterfeiting extremely challenging but also allow everyday users to verify if their notes are genuine.

Moreover, India isn’t alone in choosing cotton as the base for its banknotes. According to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, U.S. currency is produced from a blend of “75% cotton and 25% linen.” This time-tested practice has lasted for centuries because of cotton’s proven strength and versatility.