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Spot the ISS Over India This Week as Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Orbits Earth

July 8, 2025, 7:17 pm

If you look up in the sky this week, you may spot a bright speck moving silently across the sky — it’s not a star, and it’s certainly not an airplane. It’s the International Space Station (ISS), and on board is Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, India’s representative in space.

This is a moment of national pride for India as one of its circles the planet. Throughout the coming days, amateur sky-watchers around the nation will get a rare glimpse at the ISS with the naked eye.

Waving at the ISS won’t get you a wave in return, but seeing it is a special way to feel attached to India’s increasing aspirations in space.

How Can You Spot the ISS From Earth?

The ISS will be visible when sunlight bounces off its surface, the same way that we observe the Moon. Yet, it won’t shine brightly enough to be observable in the daylight. Your best opportunity to spot it is shortly after sunset or just before sunrise, when the sky is dark, but the station is still lit by the sun.

At this point, it looks like a steady, bright light streak across the sky. It doesn’t blink like airplanes, and it doesn’t move as quickly as a shooting star. The ISS will generally be visible for 5 to 7 minutes based on its path and your location.

No telescopes or binoculars required. Just your eyes and some planning. Many free apps make it easier.

Hear from the #Ax4 astronauts about the significance of the mission and how we are expanding access to LEO for countries to pursue their space exploration goals, leading to advancements #ForEarth. We are building era-defining space infrastructure that drives exploration and fuels… pic.twitter.com/p6rdxMqnc9

— Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) July 7, 2025

ISS Detector indicates its current position. The NASA Spot the Station app provides sighting schedules according to where you are and even has reminders for future passes.

ISS Viewing Schedule Over India

Issued by NASA’s tracking software, the ISS will be visible from July 8 to July 12 over several Indian cities.

July 8: 4:59 am, 7:59 pm, 9:38 pm
July 9: 4:10 am, 8:48 pm
July 10: 3:22 am, 4:58 pm, 9:59 pm
July 11: 2:34 am, 4:09 am
July 12: Last pass at 7:59 pm

Viewers in Kerala and southern India can have the best view. On July 6, the ISS provided the audience with close to six and a half minutes of uninterrupted visibility from 7:56 pm.

Missed It? More Opportunities Ahead

If clouds hide your view this week, don’t worry. The ISS will be passing over India once again from July 24 to August 1. But by then, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla might have already finished his mission and returned home.

In the meanwhile, seize the opportunity to see this orbiting lab — a shining beacon of international cooperation and India’s spaceflight aspirations — pass silently over the Indian horizon.

Shubhanshu Shukla to Interact with ISRO Scientists and Young Minds on Friday

July 1, 2025, 1:46 am

Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will engage with schoolchildren and scientists at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Friday.

Shukla, who is one of four astronauts, is on the Axiom-4 space mission that is a 14-day science journey to the International Space Station.

Ham Radio Contact Scheduled for July 4

Friday’s contact will be conducted through ham radio, with a telebridge to be arranged at Bengaluru’s U R Rao Satellite Centre, news agency PTI reported citing the Amateur Radio on International Space Station (ARISS).

Ham radio is an amateur radio-communication service classed as reliable during emergencies, when regular means of communication are not available.

The contact will be conducted under the ARISS programme, which provides radio communication chances to school students and astronauts aboard the ISS.

“Contact upcoming with India! @Axiom_Space #Ax4 crew member Shubhanshu Shukla, VU2TNI, will talk to the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Karnataka via ham radio from the Space Station. Scheduled Fri. July 4 at 10:17 UTC, 6:17 AM ET, 3:47 PM ISS via K6DUE telebridge,” ARISS posted on X

Shubhanshu Shukla Leads Microalgae Experiment in Space

As part of their miniature space lab at the ISS, the Axiom-4 crew will be conducting a series of scientific experiments. Shukla on Sunday performed the space microalgae experiment, where he took images of the algae strains after releasing sample bags at his orbital location.

Axiom Space added that the days in which organisms would be contributing to the future of space exploration and might provide a sustainable and “nutrient-rich food source” for crewed space missions, which span longer periods of time.

Crew Also Participates in VR and Health Monitoring Studies

Besides this, the crew also contributed to the Neuro Motion VR project, where the astronauts wear VR headsets and perform attention-based tasks. Meanwhile, their brain activity is tracked with the help of functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

The crew is also busy collecting data to understand how spaceflight missions affect cardiovascular and balance systems, which can be used for monitoring health in real time.

Who is Dr Kamna Shukla, Wife of NASA Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla

June 29, 2025, 5:38 pm

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force recently became the first Indian to set foot on the International Space Station (ISS). Blasting off onboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on June 25 from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida as part of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), Shukla also became just the second Indian ever to venture into space, after Rakesh Sharma’s historic mission in 1984.

Prior to Shubhanshu’s flight into space, his mother, Asha Shukla, explained how her heart was full of joy and how she was the first to emphasize the key role played by her daughter-in-law. “He has all the support of our daughter-in-law. It could not have been possible without her… She has played the biggest role here,” Asha explained to the press.

About Dr Kamna Shukla

Dr Kamna Shukla, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-based dentist, is married to Shubhanshu and has a 6-year-old son. They had their love story in primary school, and Kamna is both his lifetime partner and childhood friend.

Talking to The Times of India, Kamna remembered their childhood days, saying, “We’ve studied together since Class 3. We were initially best friends… I know him as Gunjan, as Shubhanshu— the shy, silent boy in class—who’s now become such a role model for so many.”

Their relationship stood the test of prolonged separations and lost milestones, particularly memories from their son’s early years. Kamna was aware of how much those separations hurt but was also at pains to acknowledge Shubhanshu’s consistent commitment, likening it to Arjuna’s single-mindedness from the Mahabharata.

A Message From Shubhanshu

In a moving instagram post prior to leaving on his historic mission, Shubhanshu appreciated all those who stood by him. He said, “Since we shall be leaving the earth early morning of 25 Jun, I would like to thank all those people who have been part of this mission for their encouragement and also to all the people back home for their blessings and love. A great big thank you to my family and friends who have been my rock in this venture. At times your near and dear ones make sacrifices that you yourself do not even realize, but they do it with their love for you.”

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Shubhanshu Shukla (@gagan.shux)

He had special thanks also for his wife, stating, “Special thanks to @kamnashubha for being the amazing partner that you are. Without you, none of this was possible, but more importantly, none of this would matter. No one goes to space alone…we do so on the shoulders of so many more. I feel thankful to each and every one of you. THANK YOU.”

Floating in Space, Shubhanshu Shukla Sees Earth Like Never Before

June 28, 2025, 4:42 pm

Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is currently on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission, getting accustomed to the specific demands of living in microgravity. With 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets daily, Shukla orbits the planet, settling into his short-term space home and getting down to work.

During his first day on board, Shubhanshu Shukla transferred cargo from the Grace capsule (Dragon) to the ISS, set up his habitation space, and interacted with Space-11—the term used for the eleven-member combined crew on board. Reports say he is doing well and actively participating in routine operations.

Astronaut Peggy Whitson, who is also part of the Ax-4 crew, shared a stunning view of Earth from space on X, writing, “I’ve missed the view.”

I’ve missed this view! #Ax4 pic.twitter.com/BEj1rSE7Yc

— Peggy Whitson (@AstroPeggy) June 27, 2025

Training, Safety, and Scientific Readiness

According to Axiom Space, the crew quickly began adjusting to life in zero gravity, focusing on integration with the Expedition 73 team. The combined crew undertook handover training, emergency procedure reviews, and safety briefings to ensure coordination and preparedness.

As part of their initial tasks, the Ax-4 crew loaded high-priority payloads, critical resources, and safety equipment from Dragon to the ISS. Moreover, NASA reported that the crew offloaded hardware loaded with experimental samples and portable science freezers and installed them into station incubators and research refrigerators.

In addition, the astronauts initiated preparation for their science research and technology demonstrations, offloading early samples and installing experiments throughout different modules.

Teamwork in Orbit

The ISS currently has eleven astronauts onboard, making up what the crew has coined “Space-11.” The Axiom private astronauts and NASA’s Expedition 73 crew members continue to collaborate on cargo operations, life support system inspections, and daily scientific research. The partnership is a smooth integration of private and public space exploration.

Shukla and the other astronauts will continue installing research equipment, conducting space health experiments, and supporting the ISS as they adapt to their new, weightless environment.

Piece of India: What did Shubhanshu Shukla Carried with him to Outer Space?

June 26, 2025, 5:36 pm

With the launch of the Axiom-4 mission being a success, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is now the second Indian to travel to space, and this is creating excitement across the country. After a launch aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, Shukla issued his first message from space, sending greetings and talking about his experience with other astronauts. In a video posted by Axiom Space, he spoke of India’s return to space after an interval of 41 years.

One of the most touching scenes on the video was quickly seen by people, a white plush swan drifting next to Shukla. Grasping it, the astronaut presented the toy as ‘Joy’, providing depth to the mission. “You know that this is a swan. It is very cute, but we have a very significant swan in our Indian society. The swan represents wisdom. It also possesses the capability of distinguishing…what should be given attention to and what is not,” he clarified.

Watch;

Ax-4 Mission | In-Flight Update https://t.co/Lqu0QiGGrA

— Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) June 26, 2025

Not merely a visual indicator, Shukla further explained that Joy is not just a Zero-G signal. “So I think it appears like a coincidence, but it is not that. It has more significance,” he said, pointing out the cultural significance of the swan not just in India, but also in Hungary and Poland.

What is a Zero-G Indicator?

A Zero-G indicator is generally a plush toy or item that is carried on space missions to provide a visible indication when the spacecraft reaches microgravity.

The practice started in 1961 when Yuri Gagarin took a small doll on his pioneering flight. Since then, stuffed animals from dinosaurs to cartoon characters have been selected by astronauts for this purpose.

During the Axiom-4 mission, the soft swan named Joy orbits freely after weightlessness is reached, verifying the crew’s transition into microgravity.

Why a Swan?

The swan toy on board Axiom-4 also has greater symbolic and cultural significance, particularly with Shubhanshu Shukla.

The swan plushie was chosen as the Zero-G sign collectively by the global crew representing India, Hungary, Poland, and the U.S. The swan is significant to Shukla because it recalls his Indian roots.

In Hindu mythology, the swan is the mount of Goddess Saraswati and represents purity, knowledge, and wisdom.

A Taste of India in Space

In addition to the scientific equipment, Shukla also carried some personal items from home to delight the crew. These include Indian traditional sweets such as gajar ka halwa, moong dal halwa, and mango nectar, adding a sweet Indian touch to the global space adventure.

Shubhanshu Shukla Set to Lead Critical Docking Operation at International Space Station Today

June 26, 2025, 11:17 am

After launching successfully on June 25, the Axiom 4 mission carrying Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is now preparing to dock with the International Space Station today, June 26. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket lifted the Dragon spacecraft from NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre, and it is currently approaching the ISS.

Therefore, the crew is on track to reach their destination by approximately 4:30 PM IST (7 AM EST). Once they dock, the Axiom-4 team will immediately begin their 14-day microgravity research mission.

Shubhanshu Shukla, whom his crewmates affectionately call “Shux,” plays a pivotal role in the docking procedure. As the designated pilot, he actively monitors the spacecraft’s trajectory and orbital parameters. Additionally, he evaluates the ISS’s position while Dragon executes its automated approach toward the space-facing port of the Harmony module.

Since timing and precision are critical in spaceflight, Shukla’s constant attention to detail will help ensure a safe and smooth docking process.

Axiom-4 will arrive at the International Space Station and dock with it on Thursday (June 26) at 4:30 PM IST, about 28 hours after launch! 🚀

(Assuming on-time liftoff tomorrow at 12:01 PM IST) pic.twitter.com/XlLHAYEfPQ

— ISRO Spaceflight (@ISROSpaceflight) June 24, 2025

Shubhanshu Shukla To Oversee Docking At ISS

The Axiom 4 crew features Commander Peggy Whitson (USA), Mission Specialist Sawosz Uznaski-Winiewski (Poland), Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu (Hungary), and pilot Shubhanshu Shukla from India. As the Dragon capsule steadily closes in on the ISS, Shukla handles real-time monitoring tasks and continuously ensures that all navigation systems stay within safety margins. Moreover, he contributes critical input through rapid calculations and technical assessments, which will guide the spacecraft during its final manoeuvres.

Meanwhile, NASA confirmed the docking schedule, saying, “The spacecraft will dock autonomously to the space-facing port of the station’s Harmony module at approximately 7 a.m. on Thursday, June 26.” Although the system automates docking, NASA emphasised that crew oversight, especially by the pilot, remains vital for mission success.

Therefore, Shubhanshu Shukla’s involvement plays a key role in achieving a safe and accurate connection.

Axiom 4 Team To Begin Microgravity Experiments

Immediately after docking, the Axiom-4 crew will begin conducting approximately 60 scientific investigations related to microgravity. Notably, Shubhanshu Shukla will lead seven of these high-impact experiments. These studies aim to generate crucial insights that could benefit medicine, space engineering, and advanced material science. As a result, the data collected will likely influence future space missions.

Furthermore, NASA announced a joint initiative with ISRO, stating, “NASA and ISRO are participating in five joint science investigations and two in-orbit science, technology, engineering, and mathematics demonstrations.” These collaborative efforts highlight a strong international alliance in space exploration.

In fact, with Shubhanshu Shukla contributing significantly, this mission symbolises both scientific progress and global cooperation in orbit.

After 41 Years, India Returns to Space with Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla

June 26, 2025, 7:58 am

At exactly 12:01 PM IST on Wednesday, flames roared under SpaceX’s Falcon 9 at Kennedy Space Center as Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla soared into space aboard the Axiom-4 mission. Just ten minutes later, his voice crackled from orbit, becoming the second Indian in space:
“After 40 years, we have returned to space again, kya kamaal ki ride thi (what a ride this has been)”

Shukla launched from Florida aboard a Dragon capsule named Grace, a striking contrast to Rakesh Sharma’s 1984 journey aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. While Sharma spent a week at Salyut 7 during Cold War diplomacy, Shukla is heading to the International Space Station (ISS) for a two-week scientific mission representing the new era of commercial spaceflight.

A Symbolic Flight with an Indian Soul

Despite the transformation in technology and geopolitics, Shukla carried a familiar symbol—the Indian flag on his shoulder—into orbit.
“The Tiranga on my shoulders tells me that I am not alone and I am with all of you,” Shukla said from space.
“This is not just the start of my journey to the International Space Station, but the beginning of India’s human space programme.”

Multiple Delays Before Takeoff

The Axiom-4 mission, a collaboration between SpaceX, Axiom Space, and NASA, faced five delays due to technical snags, weather conditions, and concerns with the ISS’s Russian Zvezda module. The crew, which had quarantined since May 26, endured one of the longest isolation periods in spaceflight history.

International Crew and a Swan Named Joy

Led by commander Peggy Whitson, America’s most experienced female astronaut, the crew included specialists Sławosz Uznański (Poland) and Tibor Kapu (Hungary). Representing India, Shukla served as the mission’s pilot.

A toy swan named Joy, serving as the mission’s zero-gravity indicator, floated with them—chosen for its symbolism of purity and wisdom in Indian culture.

Celebrations Across India

Back in India, the moment triggered national celebration. At Anusandhan Bhawan in Delhi, Union Minister Jitendra Singh distributed sweets, declaring,
“India’s ascent to the pedestal of Viksit Bharat has started via space.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi posted,
“He carries with him the wishes, hopes and aspirations of 1.4 billion Indians.”

In Lucknow, Shukla’s mother Asha Shukla tearfully watched the launch unfold, overwhelmed by emotion.
“These are tears of joy,” she said.

Journey of a Test Pilot to Space Hero

Shukla, born in Lucknow, joined the Indian Air Force in 2006 and became a Group Captain in 2024, logging over 2,000 hours as a test pilot. Trained under ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Programme, he studied at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia and earned a Master’s in Aerospace Engineering from IISc.

In a pre-launch video, his wife Kamna and son Sid sent their message:
“You are our hero.”

Rakesh Sharma’s Message to New Astronaut

India’s first astronaut, Rakesh Sharma, sent his blessings before the launch:
“Spend as much time as possible to look out of the window. Have a fun time, guys.”

Science at the Core of the Mission

The mission includes 60 scientific experiments from 31 countries, with Shukla personally overseeing seven from India and five in collaboration with NASA. These include studies on microgravity’s effect on edible algae and crop seed growth, paving the way for future space habitation.

A Stepping Stone to India’s Space Future

The mission is a major leap in Indo-US space collaboration and aligns with India’s Gaganyaan and space station goals. Former ISRO chiefs have noted that learnings from Axiom-4 will directly benefit Bharatiya Antariksh Station and indigenous astronaut missions.

Minister Singh also emphasized the importance of passing the long-delayed Space Activities Bill, which supports public-private space partnerships, mirroring the Axiom model.

What Lies Ahead

The Axiom-4 spacecraft is expected to dock with the ISS at 4:30 PM IST on June 26, after a 28-hour flight. Following this, India looks ahead to major missions like NISAR (NASA-ISRO SAR satellite), Gaganyaan, and Chandrayaan-4, aimed at deep space exploration and orbital sustainability.

Rakesh Sharma Sends Heartfelt Message to Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla | Watch

June 25, 2025, 6:18 pm

India’s first space traveler, Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (Retd), who made history in 1984 as the first Indian in space, sent a warm video message to Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the second Indian to space and the first to the International Space Station (ISS). Shukla just took off on the Axiom-4 mission.

Rakesh Sharma Shares Message

In his message to the Axiom-4 crew, Sharma conveyed his best wishes and gave a light-hearted advice. “Wishing you all the best. To the crew: Godspeed! Look out of the window as much as you can. Have fun, guys,” he stated.

Watch:

VIDEO | India’s first space hero in 1984, Rakesh Sharma wishes Shubhanshu Shukla and other astronauts on Axiom-4 good luck.

(Full video available on PTI Videos – https://t.co/n147TvrpG7) pic.twitter.com/2Azdg2y5K0

— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) June 25, 2025

Shukla’s achievement is being touted as a milestone, 41 years after Sharma’s own flight in the Soviet-era spacecraft Soyuz T-11. Shukla’s mission is India’s expanding footprint in space travel.

Indian Air Force Also Shares Wishes

The Indian Air Force (IAF), of which both Sharma and Shukla are officers, marked the occasion as a milestone in the history of aviation and space for India. On an X post, the IAF stated, “From ruling the skies to reaching the stars. A journey driven by the unbreakable spirit of the IAF Air Warrior. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla embarks on a historic Space Mission, with the nation for pride beyond the Earth. This is déjà-vu time for India, 41 years after Sqn Ldr Rakesh Sharma’s mission, when our Tricolour first went beyond the planet Earth. It is not just a mission. it is India’s reaffirmation of its ever-widening horizon.”

Sharma’s personal purpose is still legendary in India’s shared psyche, particularly because of his now-celebrated reaction to then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi when she asked him what India was like from outer space. Referring to poet Allama Iqbal, Sharma had responded, “Saare Jahan Se Accha” (Better than the whole world), a phrase which is still remembered with pride.

As Group Captain Shukla sets out on this historic mission, such messages as Sharma’s are inspiration and appreciation of India’s burgeoning abilities in exploring space.

Shubhanshu Shukla Heads to ISS: Key Milestones in His 28-Hour Space Trip

June 25, 2025, 5:37 pm

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the former Indian Air Force pilot who is now an astronaut, is breaking records as he captains the Axiom-4 mission (Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS). The mission launched from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 2:31 AM Eastern Time (12:01 PM IST) on Wednesday, June 25.

Speaking to the nation from the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, Shubhanshu Shukla had a patriotic and emotional message to share

“Namaskar, my dear fellow citizens, what a journey. We are back in space again after 41 years. It’s such an incredible journey. We are orbiting the Earth at a speed of 7.5 kilometres per second. The Tiranga printed on my shoulders reminds me that I am with all of you.”

This is not my start to the International Space Station (ISS) but to India’s human space program. I want all of you to join this journey. Your chest, too, should swell with pride. You all exhibit enthusiasm. Let’s start India’s human space program. Jai Hind! Jai Bharat!

Axiom-4 Launches Successfully After Multiple Delays

The Ax-4 mission, which had been postponed a few times because of weather and technical reasons, ultimately took off on board SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket. Two minutes into the flight, the first stage of the Falcon 9 finished its job and separated from the Dragon capsule safely, starting to make its way back to Earth. Shukla and the three other astronauts on board, however, initiated their 28-hour journey to the ISS.

After liftoff, #Ax4 Commander @AstroPeggy revealed the name of the new @SpaceX Dragon spacecraft headed to the @Space_Station. Meet Grace! https://t.co/wb27kTMwHh pic.twitter.com/7QnyFOfRu7

— Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) June 25, 2025

Shubhanshu Shukla’s mission is an important milestone, as he is the second Indian astronaut to go to space, after Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who went on a Soviet mission in 1984. It took India 41 years to return to crewed spaceflight, but this time with Axiom Space and NASA as partners, providing a timely learning curve for ISRO’s next Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme.

A Musical Journey Through Space

While the Dragon capsule makes its way upward and into orbit, the astronauts have been listening to a unique playlist specially made for the mission. Shubhanshu Shukla chose A.R. Rahman’s “Yun Hi Chala Chal” from Swades as a representation of India’s future journey in space. Other songs are Imagine Dragons’ “Thunder”, a Polish Supermonce song, and a Hungarian Bvhely tune.

The 28-hour flight to the ISS is not a straight course. The Dragon spacecraft has to go through a series of well-planned phasing maneuvers to match its trajectory with the ISS orbit. These involve meticulous orbital calculations, GPS coordinates, radar coordination, and sensor information to make it perfect in execution.

Space analysts observe that the spacecraft will stop at a number of important waypoints along the approach. At 20 meters from the ISS, the Dragon will initiate final docking, aiming for the Harmony module.

Two-Phase Docking: Magnetic to Mechanical

Docking happens in two distinct phases

Soft Capture: Magnetic sensors slowly bring the capsule into place.
Hard Capture: Hooks and latches form a pressure-tight fit between the Dragon and the ISS.

The spacecraft spends up to two hours stabilizing and checking safety once it is docked. It is only after this operation that the Axiom-4 crew will open the hatch and enter the ISS, kicking off their 14-day mission.

Shukla’s Mission to Advance Indian Space Science

In the next fortnight, Shukla and his global crewmates will execute 60 experiments. Of these, seven have been conceptualized by Indian scientists. These experiments will form the cornerstone for India’s future ambitions in human space exploration, particularly under the Gaganyaan programme.

Shukla’s journey on the ISS is symbolic of more than just a youthful spirit—it’s a new beginning for India’s space plans, with international collaboration married to domestic pride.

SRK’s Song Travels to Space: Shubhanshu Shukla Picks Swades Track for Axiom-4 Journey

June 25, 2025, 5:07 pm

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian in space in over 40 years, marked launch day aboard Axiom-4 with a personal touch, playing Yun Ho Chala Chal from Swades. The launch from Kennedy Space Centre on June 25 at 12:01 PM IST also saw him carry Indian food and a mission badge embedded with symbols of India’s space legacy.

Shubhanshu Shukla Kicks Off Launch Day With Tribute to Bollywood

Shubhanshu Shukla chose a song from Swades, which is a film about a NASA engineer reconnecting with India, added a deliberate cultural layer to his mission. Composed by A.R. Rahman and sung by Udit Narayan, Kailash Kher, and Hariharan, the song reflects both personal and national journeys.

After liftoff, #Ax4 Commander @AstroPeggy revealed the name of the new @SpaceX Dragon spacecraft headed to the @Space_Station. Meet Grace! https://t.co/wb27kTMwHh pic.twitter.com/7QnyFOfRu7

— Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) June 25, 2025

Shubanshu Shukla is piloting the NASA-backed Axiom-4 mission, echoing the arc of Shah Rukh Khan’s character in the film. His selection stood out among the international crew’s picks, which included Imagine Dragons’ Thunder for Commander Peggy Whitson and Poland’s Supermoce by Igo, Mrozu, and Vito Bambino.

Indian Symbols Fly With Axiom-4

Shukla’s mission kit also includes Indian food items, mango nectar, moong dal halwa, and gajar ka halwa modified for space consumption. However, the most visible marker of India’s presence is the Axiom-4 mission badge, designed by Manish Tripathi. It features culturally significant icons such as Aryabhata, Gaganyaan, and Jantar Mantar, all of which combine India’s space legacy with its heritage.

Moreover, the badge was created specifically for this flight and cleared for use as part of Shukla’s mission identity. As a result, India joins Hungary and Poland in symbolically returning to space. Significantly, Shukla is only the second Indian to travel to space after Rakesh Sharma’s 1984 mission with the Soviet Union.

Following the launch, Shukla said, “Namaskar, my dear countrymen; we have reached space after 41 years. It was a great ride. We are orbiting Earth at a speed of 7.5 km per second. I have the Indian tricolour on my shoulders. The tricolour tells me I am with you all. It is not just the start of my journey to the ISS but also India’s human spaceflight. I want each one of you to be part of this journey. Let us embark on India’s human space programme together.”

Shubhanshu Shukla Sends First Message from Space: ‘Tiranga Hai Mere Kande Pe…’

June 25, 2025, 4:14 pm

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla successfully entered space aboard the SpaceX Falcon-9 rocket. He has also sent his first message from space. This marks a historic moment for India. His words from space have inspired pride across the nation as he begins this groundbreaking journey. PM Modi has also reacted to the successful liftoff and has sent his regards.

With astronauts from India, the U.S., Poland, and Hungary onboard, the mission doesn’t just mark a big international collaboration—it also signals India’s emotional and long-awaited return to human spaceflight after nearly 40 years.

Subhanshu Shukla Sends First Message From Space

In Shubhanshu Shukla’s first message from Space, he said, “Namaskar Mere Pyare Deshwasiyon. Kaafi Saal Baad Hum Phir Wapas Antariksh Mein Pohonch Gaye Hain. Kamaal Ki Ride Thi. Mere saath Mere Kande Pe Tiranga Hai..” He finished with “Jai Hind, Jai Bharat”.

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla from Space!

“Namaskar, my dear countrymen! What a ride! We are back in the space once again after 41 years. It’s an amazing ride. We are revolving around the Earth at a speed of 7.5 kilometres per second. The Tiranga embossed on my shoulders tells… pic.twitter.com/vP0EL02nwI

— The Khel India (@TheKhelIndia) June 25, 2025

PM Modi Applauds Shukla’s ISS Journey

“He carries with him the wishes, hopes, and aspirations of 1.4 billion Indians,” PM Modi said, celebrating the launch and highlighting the national pride associated with Shukla’s flight to the International Space Station (ISS).

We welcome the successful launch of the Space Mission carrying astronauts from India, Hungary, Poland and the US.

The Indian Astronaut, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is on the way to become the first Indian to go to International Space Station. He carries with him the wishes,…

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) June 25, 2025

The Prime Minister’s statement shows how emotional and symbolic this mission is for India.

India’s Footprint Expands With Shubhanshu Shukla Going To ISS

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, a seasoned Indian Air Force officer and a chosen astronaut under ISRO’s Gaganyaan. Shukla’s journey aboard Axiom-4, backed by Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX, reflects India’s rising place in global space partnerships.

Shukla has become the second Indian to enter space, after Rakesh Sharma’s Soviet-led space mission in 1984. Shukla’s role in the Axiom-4 mission, launched with NASA and SpaceX, highlights India’s rising role in global space.

This is also great as experience and global standing before India’s own Gaganyaan mission.

Why Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Took a White Swan Toy Named Joy to Space

June 25, 2025, 3:25 pm

While India is being feted with a milestone space feat, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is not traveling solo on the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). Aboard the mission is floating Joy, a white cuddly swan that has stolen hearts on Earth and serves an important function on the mission as its Zero-G marker.

Why the Swan Matters: Joy’s Role in Space

Joy is not only a cute companion. Joy acts as the mission’s Zero-G indicator, a space travel tradition in which a light object drifts around freely when the spacecraft achieves microgravity. The easy action visually verifies weightlessness for the astronauts and the people watching on Earth.
The tradition was started by Yuri Gagarin’s groundbreaking 1961 flight and has since been a ritual of going into space. Previous missions have employed toys such as dinosaurs and globes—the crew of Axiom-4 selected a swan.

When the SpaceX Dragon capsule is in orbit, Joy will be hovering freely, noiselessly announcing that the astronauts have gone into the weightless space.

Why a Swan? Symbolism Behind the Soft Toy

The decision to have a swan was made unanimously by the multinational team of four from India, America, Poland, and Hungary. But for India, the swan has a special significance. In Hindu mythology, the swan is the celestial vehicle (vahana) of Goddess Saraswati, symbolizing wisdom, knowledge, and elegance.
The symbolism of the bird indicates India’s contribution to the mission, with a harmonious convergence of tradition and contemporary space exploration.

The Mission: Axiom-4’s Lift-Off and Objectives

Axiom Mission 4 finally took off from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center after some delays. Headed by mission commander Peggy Whitson, who is a seasoned NASA astronaut and now the Director of Human Spaceflight at Axiom Space, the mission also features Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla as the pilot.
Two Hungarian and Polish private astronauts round out the crew. The two-week flight will feature scientific experiments, STEM education outreach, and commercial research on the International Space Station (ISS).

Historic Indo-American Space Collaboration

This mission is based on an agreement for a space partnership between then-U.S. President Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2019. Shukla’s presence aboard Axiom-4 is a sign of increased cooperation between India and America in space, especially through public-private initiatives such as Axiom Space and ISRO.

Meet India’s New Space Hero: Shubhanshu Shukla

Lucknow-born Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, or ‘Shux’ as he’s fondly called, is the first Indian to journey into space after Rakesh Sharma in 1984. Shubhanshu went to City Montessori School and cleared the NDA entrance exam secretly before going on to serve in his line of work in the Indian Air Force.

Comissioned into the fighter stream in 2006, Shukla became a distinguished test pilot with more than 2,000 hours of flight time on various aircraft, such as the Su-30 MKI, MiG-29, and Jaguar.

Academic Excellence and Gaganyaan Preparation

Chosen in 2019 under ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Program (HSP), Shukla trained at Russia’s Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center and ISRO’s center in Bengaluru. He also obtained an M.Tech in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

His Personal and Family Life

Shukla is married to a dentist and has a four-year-old son. His father is a retired government bureaucrat and his mother is a housewife. He has two siblings and is the youngest of them. He gives credit to his family for making his dream possible.

‘Tricolour on My Shoulders’: Shubhanshu Shukla’s First Message From Space

June 25, 2025, 2:17 pm

Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla became history on Wednesday as he traveled to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the Axiom-4 commercial space flight. The spacecraft took off at 12:01 pm IST from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and Shukla was the first Indian astronaut to travel to the ISS; 41 years since Rakesh Sharma’s flight in 1984.

Shukla’s First Message from Space

Not long after the successful liftoff and stage separation, Shukla gave his first message from space, informing the world of the progress of the mission. “Namaskar, dear countrymen, we have entered space after 41 years. It was a wonderful ride,” he announced about ten minutes into the flight.

He further stated that the spacecraft was revolving around the planet at a mind-boggling rate. We are going around the Earth at 7.5 km per second. I have the Indian tricolour on my back,” he stated from onboard SpaceX’s Dragon capsule.

Looking back at the emotional and national importance of the moment, Shukla went on, “Tricolour reminds me that I am with all of you. It’s not only the beginning of my mission to the International Space Station, but of India’s human spaceflight.

Calling upon fellow citizens to be a part of this momentous movement, he stated, “I want each one of you to be part of this journey. Let us embark on India’s human space programme together.”

Crew and Launch Details

Shukla is joined on this mission by three foreign crew members: veteran NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, who is leading the mission as commander, Poland’s Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski, and Hungary’s Tibor Kapu. The Axiom-4 mission is a historic milestone not just for India, but also for Poland and Hungary, whose astronauts will be going back to space after generations.

The launch also prompted parties worldwide, with watch parties being held in numerous locations—among them one at Shukla’s alma mater, City Montessori School in Lucknow, where his parents celebrated the blast-off with teachers and students.

Docking Schedule

As per NASA, the team will dock at the International Space Station at approximately 4:30 pm IST on Thursday, June 26. The mission is a part of Axiom Space’s growing commercial program to transport international astronauts to low Earth orbit.

Shukla’s achievement marks India’s re-entry into spaceflight on the international stage, marking a new chapter for Indian astronauts and paving the way for ISRO’s future Gaganyaan mission.

After Sending Shubhanshu Shukla to ISS, Falcon 9 Booster Lands in Just 8 Minutes

June 25, 2025, 1:43 pm

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is the second Indian to journey into space after he flew aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on the Axiom Mission 4 (AX-4) on Wednesday. The rocket booster returned safely to Earth less than eight minutes after launch from Florida’s Kennedy Space Center in another successful test of SpaceX’s reusable rocket technology.

Launch Delayed Six Times, Saved by Last-Minute Fix

The AX-4 mission itself had already experienced six delays and was even on the verge of a seventh when a software problem briefly halted the uploading of weather data. But engineers fixed the bug just in time. At 12:01 pm IST, the nine Merlin engines of the Falcon 9 fired, launching the rocket into the sky from Launch Complex 39A — the same historic pad where Apollo 11 once took off.

Historic Moment for India’s Space Journey

Shubhanshu Shukla’s involvement in the Axiom-4 mission is a record for India’s space mission. When the Crew Dragon capsule broke away and headed towards the International Space Station (ISS), Shukla became the first person to make history by speaking his inaugural words from orbit:
“We are orbiting the Earth. This is the beginning of India’s human space program. Jai Hind, Jai Bharat.”

What is Falcon 9?

Falcon 9 is a reusable, two-stage rocket manufactured by SpaceX and the world’s first orbital-class rocket intended for reusability. Its primary engine, Merlin, is powered by rocket-grade kerosene and liquid oxygen. The booster — the first stage of the rocket — separates once it has achieved a predetermined altitude and returns to Earth to be recovered. SpaceX now successfully landed this booster 451 times.

Crew Dragon Capsule on 28-Hour Journey

The Crew Dragon capsule, which has Shukla along with three other astronauts — from the US, Poland, and Hungary — on board, will dock at the ISS after about 28 hours in space. They will then start a 14-day mission aboard the station.

Scientific Research During Mission

The astronauts will carry out 60 scientific experiments over their tenure on the ISS. Notably, seven of the experiments were suggested by Indian scientists, reflecting India’s increasing contribution to space science.

Axiom-4 Mission: Meet Crew Members Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski and Tibor Kapu

June 25, 2025, 1:13 pm

Four space travelers are set to blast off on a commercial mission to the International Space Station (ISS) early Wednesday, June 25, as part of Axiom Space’s fourth human spaceflight mission. They will journey inside a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft atop a Falcon 9 rocket, which is to launch at 2:31 am Eastern Time from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

The mission crew comprises of India’s Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Poland’s Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski, and Hungary’s Tibor Kapu. The mission will be led by Peggy Whitson, an experienced astronaut and the head of human spaceflight at Axiom Space.

Who is Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski?

Dr. Uznanski-Wisniewski is an engineer as well as a scientist who has worked at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva. He had worked as an engineer at the Large Hadron Collider and joins the Axiom-4 flight as a mission specialist.

According to Axiom Space, “Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, Poland, is a scientist and engineer who is significantly contributing to the sciences and space exploration. He is a member of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Astronaut Reserve Class of 2022 who rose from a highly competitive group of more than 22,500 candidates who were vying for a spot for potential future missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and beyond.”

His educational career began in Łódź, Poland, where he received his M.Sc. with distinction from Łódź University of Technology in 2008. In the same year, he received a second M.Sc. degree from Université de Nantes in France and a Diplôme d’Ingénieur from Polytech’Nantes. He went on to receive his Ph.D. in 2011 from the University of Aix-Marseille in the field of radiation-hardened design for space technology.

Uznanski-Wisniewski’s career at CERN also saw him take on roles such as project lead and reliability expert. Between 2018 and 2020, he held the critical position of Engineer in Charge of the Large Hadron Collider.

Who is Tibor Kapu?

Tibor Kapu, also a mission specialist on Axiom-4, is a mechanical engineer with a multidisciplinary background that spans the pharmaceutical, logistics, automotive, and aerospace sectors.

As stated by Axiom Space, “Kapu learned his initial education at Gyula Krúdy High School in Nyíregyháza. He then graduated from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, where he acquired a mechanical engineering degree and then a master’s in polymer technology.”. His repertoire goes beyond books because he worked in the pharmaceutical and logistical sectors, and hybrid car battery development in the automotive sector throughout his professional life. He also worked in Belgium and the United States, where he developed his skills further in emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and brain science.

Over the last few years, Kapu devoted his research to aerospace technology and, more precisely, the shielding of space radiation. This activity lasted until his recruitment in 2023 for Hungary’s HUNOR (Hungarian to Orbit) Astronaut Program, through which he was selected from among 247 candidates.

“This high-profile program is designed to launch a Hungarian astronaut into space, facilitating world-class scientific experiments and tests on board the International Space Station (ISS),” the website of Axiom Space states. For his training, Kapu had to pass through intense physical and mental tests, such as flying aircraft, simulating space conditions, and studying space health, engineering, and history. He was also an active participant in scientific experiments ahead of his mission.

Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Pens Heartfelt Note to Wife Ahead of Space Mission

June 25, 2025, 11:41 am

With the countdown starting for the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS), Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla from Lucknow is ready to make history as the first Indian astronaut to travel to the ISS. The mission, comprising three other astronauts, is now booked to blast off at 12:01 pm IST on Wednesday from Launch Complex 39A of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The launch, which was originally slated for June 22, was shifted to a new time window of 2:31 am EDT (12 noon IST) on June 25.

Emotional Message to Wife Kamna

Before his spaceflight, Shukla posted a profoundly emotional message on Instagram, thanking all those who were a part of the mission and especially his wife.

“Since we are going to depart the planet early morning of 25 Jun, I want to thank everyone who has participated in this mission for standing by me and also to all the individuals back home for their love and blessings,” he said.

He continued to say, “Special thanks to Kamna for being the great partner that you are. Without you none of this was possible but more importantly none of this would matter.” The emotional post had an image of the couple saying goodbye through a glass wall.

Bond That Began in School

Shubhanshu and Kamna’s journey began in their childhood. According to a Times of India report, the two met in primary school in Lucknow and have remained close ever since.

“We’ve studied together since Class 3. We’ve been best friends. I’ve known him as Gunjan, as Shubhanshu, the shy guy in our classroom who’s now inspiring so many people,” said Kamna. The couple shares a six-year-old son.

Family’s Pride and Support

Shukla’s mother, Asha Shukla, also shared the contribution Kamna has made to her son’s journey to space. She emphasized the big hand Kamna has extended to her son at every stage.

“It’s a moment of pride for us and everybody else. Posters are going up all over the place. Everybody is thrilled that a person from this country, from this Triveni Nagar, is going to fly so high. We are sending all our good wishes and blessings to him. He has all the love of our daughter-in-law. This would not have been possible without her. She has had the biggest role here,” Asha said.

As the world looks on, Shubhanshu Shukla’s coming journey is not just a national milestone but a profoundly intimate moment of love, partnership, and mutual dreams.

First Image of Shubhanshu Shukla Inside Dragon Spacecraft Released Before Axiom-4 Liftoff | Watch

June 25, 2025, 11:13 am

As India waits with bated breath for a historic moment in its space odyssey, the first images from within the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft started gracing TV screens. The images depict Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, suited and ready, sitting with his three other crewmates for the much-anticipated Axiom-4 mission that will liftoff at 12:01 PM IST today.

The SpaceX Dragon, boosted by a Falcon-9 rocket, will blast off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida — the same launchpad Neil Armstrong used for his flight to the Moon in 1969 during the Apollo 11 mission.

Dragon’s hatch is closed, all communication and suit checks are complete, the seats are rotated, and the Ax-4 crew is ready for launch!

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 25, 2025

Now, Shubhanshu Shukla is creating history as the second Indian astronaut to go to space, following Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who had flown on a Soviet mission in 1984. The pilot of the Indian Air Force has spent more than a month under quarantine, following rigorous health protocols for the security of the mission.

Shukla will be the pilot on the private space mission. Accompanying him are US mission commander Peggy Whitson and mission specialists Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski of Poland and Tibor Kapu of Hungary.

All systems are looking good for Wednesday’s launch of @Axiom_Space’s Ax-4 mission to the @Space_Station and weather is 90% favorable for liftoff. Webcast starts at 12:30 a.m. ET → https://t.co/6RXoybzInV pic.twitter.com/988o685PVF

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 24, 2025

During a recent meeting, Shukla mentioned, “I carry with me not just instruments and equipment, but the hopes and dreams of a billion hearts.”

Crew to Perform 60 Experiments, Including Seven from India

As a part of their two-week stay on the International Space Station (ISS), the Ax-4 crew will carry out 60 science experiments, including seven that have been suggested by Indian scientists. The mission has science, commercial research, and international cooperation under Axiom Space’s private astronaut program.

Several Launch Delays and Last Countdown

Axiom-4 launch has seen a series of delays caused by weather and technical issues. Today, June 25, marks the sixth launch date that NASA has planned.

Full Axiom-4 Launch and Docking Schedule (IST Transformed)

Wednesday, June 25

10:00 AM – Axiom Space and SpaceX launch coverage
11:10 AM – NASA begins its coverage of the launch
12:01 PM – Launch time

Thursday, June 26

2:30 PM – Arrival coverage to begin on NASA+, Axiom Space, and SpaceX channels
4:30 PM – Targeted docking to the ISS Harmony module

Meet The Indian Designer Behind Shubhanshu Shukla’s Axiom-4 Mission Badge

June 25, 2025, 10:43 am

The Axiom-4 mission badge, created by Manish Tripathi for astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, will bear India’s imprint in space. The emblem features icons like as Aryabhata, Gaganyaan, and Jantar Mantar, which combine cultural symbolism with space accomplishments.

While it reflects India’s scientific past, it also captures India’s role in modern space exploration.

Axiom-4 Badge Carries India’s Fingerprint

The emblem emphasises India’s identity in space by combining heritage and technology. Tripathi featured the Jantar Mantar to commemorate early astronomy, the Aryabhata satellite to commemorate India’s first orbit, and the Gaganyaan emblem to commemorate India’s first human spaceflight program.

All systems are looking good for Wednesday’s launch of @Axiom_Space’s Ax-4 mission to the @Space_Station and weather is 90% favorable for liftoff. Webcast starts at 12:30 a.m. ET → https://t.co/6RXoybzInV pic.twitter.com/988o685PVF

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 24, 2025

He added symbols like infinity and zero, which originated in India, and celestial bodies like the Sun and Moon. The Moon also connects to Chandrayaan-2 and -3 missions, while the Sun represents continuity in both science and Indian culture. The map of India placed in the chin of an astronaut helmet refers to Lord Hanuman’s strength, meant to symbolise forward motion.

The badge’s stamp-like shape shows India marking its presence globally. It also includes flags and maps of other nations involved in Axiom-4, underlining global cooperation in space research. Every symbol was tested for durability in space conditions. According to Tripathi, this is not just decoration—it’s a functional, layered design that shows India’s progress in a global context.

Axion-4 Badge Backstory

Manish Tripathi and Shubhanshu Shukla, once classmates, worked together for eight months to develop the badge. They shared ideas across time zones to make sure it would truly reflect India’s role in space. Tripathi explained that this design is “India’s fingerprint in space,” made with input and understanding between two professionals who shared a common vision.

Shukla, set to be the first Indian astronaut on the ISS, will wear the badge on his space suit. Tripathi called him “a real superhero.” Their work comes at a time when India is becoming an active participant in international space missions. The Axiom-4 mission is a part of a larger trend where NASA collaborates with many private companies, such as SpaceX and Axiom Space.

India’s participation in these projects shows a change in the way the nation advances space exploration, not just in terms of science but also in terms of culture and design.

Axiom-4 Mission: Will the Weather Cooperate for Liftoff? Here’s the Forecast

June 25, 2025, 10:21 am

Indian Air Force Group Captain and ISRO astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla is ready to go on his first space flight as part of the Axiom-4 mission (Ax-4). The mission will liftoff to the International Space Station (ISS) on Wednesday. SpaceX affirmed that conditions are 90% ripe for liftoff, a big step forward following the mission experiencing several delays.

All systems go for Wednesday’s liftoff of @Axiom_Space’s Ax-4 mission to the @Space_Station and weather at 90% favorable for launch,” SpaceX tweeted on X.

All systems are looking good for Wednesday’s launch of @Axiom_Space’s Ax-4 mission to the @Space_Station and weather is 90% favorable for liftoff. Webcast starts at 12:30 a.m. ET → https://t.co/6RXoybzInV pic.twitter.com/988o685PVF

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 24, 2025

The launch, as per NASA, is scheduled for 12:01 PM IST. It will take place from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Ax-4 crew will fly onboard a new SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, launched into orbit by the company’s Falcon 9 rocket. The docking at the ISS is to be done around 4:30 PM IST on Thursday, June 26, NASA said.

Axiom-4 Crew Headed by Peggy Whitson, Commanded by Shubhanshu Shukla

The Ax-4 mission will be commanded by Peggy Whitson, a retired NASA astronaut and Axiom Space Director of Human Spaceflight. The pilot will be Shubhanshu Shukla, the first ISRO astronaut to travel to the ISS under a commercial agreement.

They are accompanied by two mission specialists. Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski of Poland represents the European Space Agency (ESA), and Tibor Kapu of Hungary is part of the HUNOR (Hungarian to Orbit) program.

Several Delays Addressed, Launch Greenlit Following Repairs

The Ax-4 mission had several delays, first because of weather conditions and then due to technical matters. Leaks were discovered in SpaceX’s Falcon-9 rocket and the Russian Zvezda module of the ISS.

NASA affirmed that after extended repair and inspection, including consultations with Roscosmos, the mission was greenlit to go ahead.

“NASA and Roscosmos have cooperated and worked together on the International Space Station over many years. This professional working relationship has permitted the agencies to come to a consensus on a technical approach, and now Axiom Mission 4 launch and docking will go forward,” said Acting NASA Administrator Janet Petro.

India-US Partnership and Science Goals

The mission is therefore a milestone in India-US space cooperation, stemming from the commitment of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and former U.S. President Donald Trump to send an ISRO astronaut to the ISS for the first time.

As part of the collaboration, NASA and ISRO are engaged in five collaborative science investigations and two STEM education demonstrations during the mission.

After docking, the crew of Ax-4 will stay for two weeks on board the ISS. During this time, they will conduct experiments, engage in outreach, and carry out commercial activities. These efforts will enhance India’s capabilities for subsequent human spaceflight missions such as Gaganyaan.

Axiom-4 Mission Countdown Begins: Shubhanshu Shukla to Pilot SpaceX Dragon on 14-Day ISS Expedition

June 25, 2025, 9:45 am

More than a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed him as one of India’s astronaut-designates for the ambitious Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is ready to create history today with the Axiom-4 mission. The Indian Air Force (IAF) officer will embark on Wednesday on the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS) for a 14-day science mission.

Shukla, also known as ‘Shux,’ will serve as the mission pilot alongside astronauts from the United States, Poland, and Hungary. The mission, commanded by Axiom Space, a private aerospace firm, is part of larger initiatives to open up access to space and lay the groundwork for a future private space station.

Boarding Space on SpaceX’s Dragon Falcon-9

Shukla will ride SpaceX’s trusty Dragon spacecraft, mounted on top of the Falcon 9 rocket, for a planned launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:01 p.m. IST on Wednesday. Following several delays because of technical and weather-related problems, the mission is now ready to take off.

Peggy Whitson, a veteran American astronaut, will lead the Axiom-4 mission. With experience in several spaceflights, Whitson will facilitate the successful launch, conduct scientific experiments in microgravity, and the final splashdown in July.

Post-launch, the Dragon spacecraft will take around 28 hours to travel to the ISS. The docking at the station is scheduled for 4:30 pm IST on June 26, assuming the mission takes place on schedule.

Executing Seven Indian Experiments in Microgravity

Shukla will conduct seven science experiments designed in India for microgravity, developed by researchers and academic institutions across the country. The experiments are meant to collect valuable data that will facilitate India’s sustained spaceflight ambitions, particularly the Gaganyaan program.

Tushar Phadnis, ISRO Group Head for Microgravity Platforms and Research, informed India Today Science that India’s contribution to the Axiom Mission 4 will give “invaluable operational experience” for Indian spaceflights in the future.

One experiment specifically targets the impact of microgravity on seed germination, which will directly influence crew nutrition and the development of sustainable food systems for future Indian space missions. Meanwhile, the other experiments focus on the survival capabilities of tardigrades (water bears), muscle regeneration, and astronaut cognitive function using electronic displays.

Axiom-4: Outreach, Motivation, and a Message to India

Shukla will also join space outreach events, addressing Prime Minister Narendra Modi and students of Indian schools and colleges during the 14-day mission.

Before embarking on the mission, Shukla had a moving message, “I want to tell the people of India, this mission is a milestone, and I appeal to India to pray for the success of the mission. Even stars are within reach.”

A test pilot, a combat commander, and now an astronaut, Shubhanshu Shukla is ready to make the most difficult flight of his life. As India holds its breath for the lift-off, this mission marks a critical milestone in the country’s journey towards achieving its long-term space goals.

Axiom-4: First Ever Astronaut Brings Indian Sweets, Toy Swan, & Surprise Gift to ISS

June 24, 2025, 5:33 pm

Axiom-4 is a special mission for India as Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla prepares to fly to the International Space Station. He becomes the second Indian to go to space, following Rakesh Sharma’s mission 40 years ago. His journey is not just about science but also full of emotion and pride.

Along with scientific equipment, Shukla carries Indian sweets, a small toy swan, and a surprise gift for his hero.

🚨 ISRO and the DRDO have developed space-friendly Indian food after years of research.

Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla is set to carry moong dal halwa, gajar ka halwa and aam ras to space (ISS) pic.twitter.com/UOhcBYo4Ql

— Indian Tech & Infra (@IndianTechGuide) June 10, 2025

Personal Items for Axiom-4 Mission

Group Captain Shukla’s mission has created a lot of excitement in India. Besides his work, he is taking a few personal items with him. The Axiom-4 mission, led by Peggy Whitson, includes astronauts from Poland and Hungary, who also return to space after many years.

Shukla said, “I carry not just instruments and equipment, I carry hopes and dreams of a billion hearts.” He will take some of his favourite Indian sweets into space: mango nectar, carrot halva, and moong dal halva, specially prepared for the mission. “There will be plenty of food to eat in space, but I will be carrying mango nectar, carrot halva and moong dal halva with me,” he said. His sister added, “He is a fitness-freak and highly into yoga so I am sure he will balance it.”

The crew will also bring “Joy,” a small white swan toy, which will float when they reach zero gravity. Commander Whitson said, “In India, it symbolises wisdom and purity, representing the pursuit of truth.” Shukla added that the swan represents the vehicle of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning. Hungarian astronaut Kapu named the toy, saying, “A team that has joy is a team that is healthy.”

Gift for India’s First Astronaut

Shukla will also take a secret gift for India’s first astronaut, Rakesh Sharma. Sharma flew to space in 1984 and inspired Shukla, who was born a year later. “I grew up reading about him in textbooks and listening to his stories. I was deeply impressed by him,” Shukla said.

Sharma has helped him prepare for the mission. “He is advising me on a lot of things, including how to prepare for this mission.” Shukla did not reveal what the gift is but promised, “It will be a surprise.”

Axiom-4 Mission with Shubhanshu Shukla Delayed by NASA for Sixth Time

June 20, 2025, 9:04 am

NASA has postponed the Axiom-4 mission launch to the International Space Station (ISS). The mission includes Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla among its four crew members. The launch, planned for Sunday, June 22, will now happen later. NASA will announce the new date soon.

NASA Explains the Delay

On Thursday, Axiom Space said, “NASA has made the decision to stand down from a launch on Sunday, June 22, and will target a new launch date in the coming days.”

The statement added, “Because of the space station’s interconnected and interdependent systems, NASA wants to ensure the station is ready for additional crew members, and the agency is taking the time necessary to review data.”

Sixth Postponement for the Mission

This marks the sixth delay for the Axiom-4 mission. NASA first scheduled the launch for May 29. Then, it moved to June 8, June 10, June 11, June 19, June 22, and now an undefined later date.

.@NASA, @Axiom_Space, and @SpaceX continue reviewing launch opportunities for Axiom Mission 4. NASA is standing down from a launch on Sunday, June 22, and will target a new launch date in the coming days. https://t.co/GKAvaAd4UH

— International Space Station (@Space_Station) June 19, 2025

Multiple Issues Caused Delays

Earlier delays happened because of several problems. The Falcon 9 rocket was not ready on time. Bad weather caused trouble. NASA found a leak in the liquid oxygen system. There was also a technical fault in the space station’s service module.

A Mission Important to Several Countries

The Axiom-4 mission brings astronauts from India, Hungary, and Poland back to space. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket will launch them from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

A Special Moment for India

This mission is very important for India. Shubhanshu Shukla will become the second Indian astronaut in space after Rakesh Sharma, who flew in 1984. Shukla joins Axiom Space’s fourth private astronaut mission. This mission also shows India’s growing space partnership with NASA.

NASA Confirms New Launch Time for Axiom-4 Mission with India’s Shubhanshu Shukla

June 19, 2025, 2:06 pm

Following several postponements due to technical malfunctions and inclement weather, Axiom Space’s Ax-4 mission is finally on its way to carrying Indian Air Force test pilot and ISRO astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station (ISS).

Launch has now been scheduled for June 22 at 1:12 pm IST from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.

The Ax-4 mission itself was originally set for May 29, 2025, but was beset by a chain of delays. The launch was initially delayed to June 8 due to electrical harness concerns with the Crew Dragon.

Additional delays came on June 9 due to readiness issues with the Falcon 9 rocket, and June 10 due to adverse weather in the ascent corridor.

Pre-launch tests on June 8 also revealed an oxygen leak and an actuator problem, which needed parts to be replaced before rescheduling to June 11. A last-minute delay happened on June 12 due to a pressure leak in the ISS.

The space agency, NASA, indicates that the recent shift in launch timing provides for continued operations and repair analysis aboard the station to continue. “It is not unusual for the agency and its global partners to make changes to launches based on shifting operations on board the space station,” NASA said.

“Teams are making headway on assessing the transfer tunnel configuration, leading to a new launch opportunity for the private astronaut mission,” according to NASA.

The Ax-4 mission, which is commanded by Axiom Space, will be commanded by Axiom’s director of human spaceflight and former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson.

The mission pilot will be Shubhanshu Shukla. Joining them is European Space Agency astronaut Sawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski from Poland and Tibor Kapu from Hungary, who will be mission specialists.

The four astronauts are in quarantine as they prepare for the trip.

For the mission, the Ax-4 crew will conduct 60 scientific experiments under microgravity. Seven of these are being conducted by Shubhanshu Shukla on behalf of India and are aimed at material science, human physiology, and future communication systems.

With the new launch date set, preparations for this ambitious commercial mission are in their final stages.

Shubhanshu Shukla’s Axiom-4 Space Mission Delayed Again, New Launch Date Set for June 22

June 18, 2025, 12:17 pm

The long-awaited Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS) with Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla has been postponed yet again. The launch, initially scheduled for June 19, is now planned for June 22. The third postponement of the mission.

Axiom Space announced the postponement, citing continued operations testing on the ISS after recent repairs. “The revision to a planned launch date gives NASA time to continue assessing space station operations after recent repairs in the aft (rear) most part of the International Space Station’s Evezda service module,” Axiom announced in a statement.

Previous Delay Because of Rocket Malfunction

The launch had previously been postponed owing to a technical problem with the Falcon-9 rocket of SpaceX. SpaceX had to advance the timeline after a leak in the liquid oxygen system. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) last week had affirmed that the problem had been rectified and the mission had been rescheduled for June 19.

India’s Big Leap in Human Spaceflight

The Axiom-4 crew consists of Indian, Polish, and Hungarian astronauts, each a visitor from their nation to the space station. The mission is the second government-supported human spaceflight program in more than four decades, Axiom Space said.

v will be only the second Indian to go to space after Rakesh Sharma who flew in 1984. His joining the crew of Ax-4 marks a giant leap for India’s ambitions in human space travel.

Scientific Focus of the Mission

Shukla will perform seven microgravity experiments during the mission to enhance India’s space-based research capabilities. The experiments will also augment India’s long-term ambitions of building a space station by 2035 and conducting a manned lunar mission by 2047.

Two-Week Stay on the ISS

The Ax-4 mission is set to take 14 days on the ISS. The crew will reside and function in the laboratory aboard the orbiting space station, helping facilitate ongoing research and global partnership in space.

Axiom’s Repeated Missions to the ISS

NASA has overseen three Axiom missions to the ISS thus far. Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1) occurred in April 2022 and lasted 17 days. Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) flew in May 2023, with its occupants remaining on board for eight days. The latest, Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3), was conducted in January 2024 and had the crew on the ISS for 18 days.

The next Ax-4 mission will be pursuing this track record of successful private astronaut missions while creating a historic milestone for India.

ISRO Confirms June 19 Launch for Ax-4 Carrying Indian Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla

June 14, 2025, 1:44 pm

Union Minister Jitendra Singh announced that the Axiom-4 space mission, which includes Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, will now launch on June 19, 2025. This revised date follows an earlier postponement.

In a post on X (formerly Twitter), Singh wrote, “Launch date of the Axiom-4 mission carrying Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station is, as of now, rescheduled for June 19, 2025.”

He also clarified that SpaceX resolved all technical issues that caused the earlier delay.

Union Minister Jitendra Singh tweets "The launch date of the Axiom-4 mission carrying Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station is, as of now, rescheduled for June 19. Also, Space X team has confirmed that all the issues, that led to earlier… pic.twitter.com/Aw2SEO56d2

— ANI (@ANI) June 14, 2025

Technical Issue Resolved

Earlier, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed its close coordination with Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX in addressing the reason for the delay. The issue involved a leak in the liquid oxygen (LOx) system connected to the Falcon 9 rocket.

On June 11, SpaceX officially delayed the launch, stating, “Standing down from tomorrow’s Falcon 9 launch of Ax-4 to the @Space_Station to allow additional time for SpaceX teams to repair the LOx leak identified during post-static fire booster inspections. Once complete – and pending Range availability – we will share a new launch date,” the company posted on X.

Safety Is the Top Priority

ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan, who also serves as the Secretary of the Department of Space and Chairman of the Space Commission, emphasized that ensuring safety and mission integrity was the top priority during this delay.

A Historic Mission for India

Despite the rescheduling, the Axiom-4 mission remains a landmark event. It will carry astronauts from India, Poland, and Hungary, making it the first time all three countries send astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS).

According to Axiom Space, this mission marks the first government-backed human spaceflight for these nations in over four decades.

India’s Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will become the second Indian astronaut in history to go to space, after Rakesh Sharma’s iconic mission in 1984.

Strengthening Global Collaboration

Shukla’s participation in the Ax-4 mission symbolizes India’s growing partnership with global space agencies such as NASA and SpaceX. This mission also strengthens India’s ambitions in human spaceflight and international space collaboration.

As Axiom Space stated, the mission will realise the return to space for the three nations and reinforce their presence in the modern era of human space exploration.

Shubhanshu Shukla to Lift Off for ISS on June 19 Under Axiom-4 Mission: ISRO

June 14, 2025, 1:08 pm

Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla is currently set to blast off into space on June 19, bound for the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the Axiom-4 commercial mission, confirmed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Saturday.

Originally scheduled to depart on May 29, the mission faced several delays as SpaceX and NASA addressed technical malfunctions, including a liquid oxygen leak in the Falcon 9 rocket and a leak in the ISS’s Russian module.

“NASA announced Thursday that it was investigating a leak on board the ISS’s Russian module,” the report said.

ISRO is working closely with @Axiom_Space, @NASA, @SpaceX as they responsibly address the ISS Zvezda module observation causing the Ax‑4 delay. Safety and mission integrity remain our top priorities.

With regards
Dr. V.Narayanan
Secretary DOS/
Chairman ISRO & Chairman Space…

— ISRO (@isro) June 12, 2025

SpaceX first pushed the launch date to June 8, then delayed it further to June 10, and again to June 11, before finally confirming June 19 as the launch date. SpaceX, which is launching both the rocket and the space capsule, found a leak of liquid oxygen in the Falcon-9 rocket and thus had to delay.

Shubhanshu Shukla, who is ISRO’s representative, will be the pilot for the mission. Former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, current director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space, will command the flight.

Completing the crew as mission specialists are Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski of Poland, a project astronaut with the European Space Agency (ESA), and Tibor Kapu of Hungary.

The mission is another major milestone for India’s presence in human spaceflight as Shukla becomes one of the limited number of Indian astronauts to fly towards the ISS. Axiom-4 is under Axiom Space’s commercial missions to move forward with international cooperation and private-sector involvement in space travel.

All systems now go for liftoff. The mission will go ahead without delay on June 19, in a new era for India’s space program.

Axiom-4 Launch Postponed to June 11: India’s Shubhanshu Shukla Set for Historic Spaceflight

June 10, 2025, 2:33 am

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Monday announced that the successful launch of Axiom-4 mission to send Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to International Space Station (ISS) has been delayed from June 10.

Launch Rescheduled Due to Weather Conditions

ISRO attributed the delay in Axiom-4 or Ax4 mission to weather conditions, which will now be launched on June 11 with the target launch window time being 5:30 pm (8 am EST).

“Due to weather conditions, the launch of Axiom-4 mission for sending Indian Gaganyatri to International Space Station is postponed from 10th June 2025 to 11th June 2025. The targeted time of launch is 5:30 PM IST on 11th June 2025,” posted ISRO on X.

Shubhanshu Shukla to Make History with Axiom-4 Launch

Shubhanshu Shukla will make history by becoming the first Indian to travel to the International Space Station. Shukla’s journey to space is also India’s second human spaceflight mission, 41 years after Rakesh Sharma wrote history by embarking on a space journey aboard Soviet Russia’s Soyuz spacecraft in 1984.

Indian Air Force’s (IAF) Shubhanshu Shukla, the pilot of the mission, and three others will be aboard SpaceX’s Falcon-9 rocket that is scheduled to launch from the Kennedy Space Centre (KSC) in Florida on June 11.

Besides Shubhanshu Shukla, the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission includes Commander Peggy Whitson, experts Tigor Kapu from Hungary and Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski from Poland.

Mission Activities and Interaction Plans of Axiom-4 Launch

During their 14-day mission aboard the ISS, the Ax-4 astronauts are to interact with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, school children, and industry leaders in the space sector among others besides conducting the experiments and tasks.

Ax-4 astronauts and SpaceX personnel conducted a complete rehearsal of launch day operations on Sunday in preparation for liftoff.

“A proud global acknowledgement of India’s Space capabilities… a befitting tribute to the founding fathers Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan,” Science and technology minister Jitendra Singh had said.

Planned Experiments and International Collaboration

Shubhanshu Shukla will be performing sole food and nutrition-based experiments designed under a joint endeavor between the ISRO and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) with the assistance of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

The experiments are meant to innovate space nutrition and closed-loop life support systems crucial for long-duration space travel in the future.

ISRO has scheduled a series of seven experiments for Shubhanshu Shukla, besides participating in five collaborative studies scheduled by NASA for its human research programme.

Aam Ras in Orbit? Shubhanshu Shukla’s Desi Food Picks for Space Travel Revealed

June 9, 2025, 3:06 pm

Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla is taking a slice of India with him as he embarks on the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). Launching from the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida on June 10 at 5:52 pm IST, Shukla will be joined by three fellow astronauts on this historic journey.

First Indian to Bring Desi Dishes to ISS

Shukla’s mission marks a milestone for India, as he becomes the first Indian astronaut to travel to the ISS. To make him feel at home, ISRO, in collaboration with DRDO, has arranged a menu of Indian food including aam ras, moong dal halwa, gajar halwa, and various rice dishes. This is the first time Indian cuisine is making its way to space aboard an ISS mission.

A Taste of Home with a Special Approval

Initially, Shukla wasn’t granted permission to carry Indian food due to concerns over the cuisine’s spicy nature. However, as his sister Suchi Shukla revealed, “Since Indian food is high on spices, he wasn’t getting the permission to carry them. But finally, they did allow a few varieties. He is a fitness-freak and highly into yoga, so I am sure he will balance it.”

Developed for Zero Gravity

The food, developed after years of research by DRDO’s Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL) in Mysuru, is packed in special containers and requires rehydration before consumption. The offerings also include ready-to-eat items like idli, upma, biryani, pulao, dal, vegetable curry, roti, and halwa. These innovations will also likely be used in the upcoming Gaganyaan mission scheduled for 2027, where Shukla will also participate.

Carrying Memories and Meaning

In addition to Indian food, Shukla is also taking personal keepsakes, though most remain undisclosed due to mission protocol. His sister hinted, “He cannot disclose due to protocol… So, he will bring those back and it will be memorabilia for us.”

One confirmed item is a small swan soft toy, named ‘Joy’, which will serve as the mission’s zero-gravity indicator. Speaking at a press briefing, Shukla shared, “In Indian culture, the swan is the vehicle of goddess Saraswati, symbolising wisdom, learning and purity… Carrying this symbol reminds me of the delicate balance between knowledge and pressure, and it keeps me grounded in the values I hold dear.”

Family’s Pride and Prayers

Back in Lucknow, the astronaut’s family is counting down to launch with prayers and pride. His father, Shambhu Dayal Shukla, expressed confidence, saying, “We are not scared now. We are happy that his name will go in history books.” His mother added, “Woh khud bahut excited hai ki woh Bharat ke liye kuch naya karne jaa raha hai. Bas jaldi se mission khatam kar ke wapas aa jaaye.”

His sister mentioned that Shukla, currently in quarantine, video calls his family daily. His wife, Dr. Kamna Shubha Shukla, and their five-year-old son are with him in Florida.

Mission Details

The Axiom-4 mission, run by Texas-based Axiom Space in collaboration with SpaceX and NASA, includes four astronauts: Mission Commander Peggy Whitson (US), Mission Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla (India), and mission specialists Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski (Poland) and Tibor Kapu (Hungary). The crew will spend two weeks aboard the ISS conducting experiments and promoting international cooperation in space exploration.

India’s Shubhanshu Shukla Gears Up for Historic Space Journey as Ax-4 Crew Finishes Launch Rehearsal

June 9, 2025, 3:01 pm

Prior to its imminent release, SpaceX confirmed that the Ax-4 crew and its members completed a full rehearsal of launch day operations before liftoff on Tuesday. The news was released through the company’s official X (formerly Twitter) account, ‘The Ax-4 crew and SpaceX teams completed a full rehearsal of launch day activities ahead of liftoff on Tuesday’.

The Ax-4 crew and SpaceX teams completed a full rehearsal of launch day activities ahead of liftoff on Tuesday pic.twitter.com/MEhuTdeuDf

— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 8, 2025

One of the astronauts is Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, who is the pilot of the Ax-4 mission from India. He was announced to take part by Axiom Space and recognized by ISRO. Liftoff is planned for Tuesday, June 10, at 8:22 am ET, on the NASA’s Kennedy Space Center aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft. The International Space Station also put the significance of the mission into words on social media.

This follows Axiom Space reports that Ax-4 represents a milestone achievement for human spaceflight, particularly for India, Hungary, and Poland since all three nations are going back to space after more than forty years—this time as part of their initial government-sponsored missions to the International Space Station.

A New Chapter in India’s Space Legacy

With this mission, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be the second Indian citizen to go to space, after Rakesh Sharma’s mission in 1984. ESA astronaut Slawosz Uznanski will be the second Pole in space since 1978, and Tibor Kapu will be representing Hungary, after Bertalan Farkas in 1980.

The mission will be led by veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson, who is the all-time record holder of the most cumulative time spent in space by any American. She will be leading a commercial human spaceflight for the second time.

Axiom Space’s Ax-4 mission is uniquely notable as being only the second full-crew sponsored commercial mission to carry a crew sponsored by national governments and the European Space Agency, and it strongly affirms Axiom Space’s goal of opening low-Earth orbit to more nations.

Global Cooperation and Scientific Discovery

Ax-4 crew is likely to conduct about 60 science and research experiments while on board the ISS. The activities are expected to have cooperation from 31 nations, such as the U.S., India, Poland, Hungary, Brazil, Nigeria, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and several European nations.

Axiom Space characterized Ax-4 as its most research-oriented mission to date. The experiments will target human health, biology, monitoring Earth, and material sciences to show the value of microgravity research for life on Earth.

The ambitious mission also provides a platform for India, Poland, and Hungary to develop their space program and enhance international scientific cooperation.