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PM MODI’S VISIT TO THE US FOR THE QUAD SUMMIT

September 24, 2024, 3:04 am

PAVING THE WAY FOR A STRATEGIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURE

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States for the QUAD summit marks a major diplomatic milestone as India prepares to host the 2025 edition of the event. With the United States, India, Japan, and Australia forming the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD), the meeting serves as a strategic platform to address global challenges, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. As tensions with China rise, the focus on strengthening partnerships, enhancing security, and fostering technological cooperation is more critical than ever.

What is the QUAD?
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, better known as the QUAD, is a strategic forum designed to promote peace, security, and economic prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region. Consisting of the US, India, Japan, and Australia, the QUAD has taken on new importance as these nations collaborate to counter growing Chinese assertiveness, particularly in the South China Sea.

Biden’s Legacy in Institutionalizing the QUAD
President Joe Biden’s role in institutionalizing the QUAD has been a hallmark of his foreign policy agenda. This summit could be seen as one of his final moves to solidify the QUAD as a permanent feature of global diplomacy. With both Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida likely attending their last QUAD summits, the meeting serves as a key opportunity for both leaders to showcase their commitment to this strategic alliance.
As India is set to host the 2025 summit, Modi’s leadership in the coming years will play a pivotal role in shaping the future direction of this multilateral forum.
Strengthening the US-India Strategic Partnership
India and the United States have steadily deepened their strategic ties, with this QUAD summit providing an opportunity to enhance cooperation in key areas such as defense, technology, and trade. The bilateral talks between Modi and Biden are expected to focus on furthering this strategic partnership, which is essential for countering common challenges like security threats and technological dependencies.
In addition to defense cooperation, the discussions will center on emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, semiconductors, and biotechnology. These sectors are not only crucial for economic growth but also hold the potential to transform industries, create jobs, and position both nations as leaders in innovation.

Semiconductors: A Critical Focus
The global shortage of semiconductors has highlighted the urgency of building resilient supply chains, and India’s role in this ecosystem is becoming increasingly important. With PM Modi expected to meet with US-based tech CEOs during his visit, discussions around semiconductor manufacturing will likely take center stage.
By strengthening its semiconductor industry, India can reduce dependency on global supply chains and ensure its leadership in sectors such as electronics, defense, and telecommunications. This collaboration is essential for employment generation and aligning with Modi’s vision of a self-reliant India.

Medical Equipment: Ensuring Health Security
As the world continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of advanced medical equipment remains a priority. Collaborations between India and the US in the field of medical technology will lead to breakthroughs that can improve healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural areas. This focus on health security will not only save lives but also position India as a global leader in manufacturing medical equipment for both domestic use and export.

Quantum Technology: Shaping the Future Economy
One of the most transformative technologies that will be discussed at the summit is quantum computing. Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize industries by solving complex problems that traditional computing systems cannot address. Its impact will be felt across all major sectors—from healthcare and finance to defense and energy.
Quantum computing will allow for faster drug discovery in healthcare, optimize supply chains in manufacturing, enhance cybersecurity with quantum encryption, and accelerate scientific research. For India, investing in quantum technology is essential to positioning itself as a global hub for cutting-edge research and innovation. Partnerships with the US, Japan, and Australia in this field could lead to groundbreaking developments that benefit not only these nations but the global economy as a whole.

Multilateral Solutions for a Better Tomorrow
The theme of the 2023 QUAD summit, “Multilateral Solutions for a Better Tomorrow,” underscores the importance of collaborative approaches to address global challenges. From security concerns in the Indo-Pacific to technological cooperation, the QUAD nations are working together to ensure a stable, rules-based international order.
Amid growing Chinese belligerence in the South China Sea, the QUAD’s commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific is vital. Interestingly, China has recently shifted its rhetoric, claiming that “China and India are not against each other.” However, India remains cautious, especially in light of unresolved border disputes such as the Galwan clash. While China may speak of mutual cooperation, India will likely maintain its firm stance on national security and sovereignty.

Global Diplomacy: Modi’s Role in Peace Talks
PM Modi’s role in global diplomacy extends beyond the QUAD summit. His unique position as a leader who maintains positive relations with major global powers allows him to contribute to ongoing peace efforts, such as those concerning the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Gaza conflict. Although peace cannot be achieved overnight, Modi’s efforts at fostering dialogue and diplomacy will be closely watched.

Addressing the Indian Diaspora: A Diplomatic Highlight
One of the most anticipated aspects of Modi’s visit is his address to the Indian diaspora in the US. Over 24,000 members have signed up to attend the event at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. The Indian diaspora, a vibrant and influential community, plays a crucial role in strengthening ties between the US and India. Modi’s outreach to this community will be a key moment of the visit, further solidifying the bond between the two nations.

Trade, Employment, and Youth Empowerment
Modi’s meetings with CEOs of leading US companies will explore opportunities for enhancing trade relations, youth empowerment, and employment generation. From AI and biotech to semiconductors, these industries are essential for both economic growth and technological advancement in India.

Eyes on Modi: Global Peace and Indo-Pacific Stability
As Modi takes the stage at the QUAD summit, the world will be looking to India’s role in maintaining peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and beyond. Will India take a firmer stance on issues like China’s aggressiveness, or offer solutions for long-standing conflicts such as those in Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza? Additionally, Modi’s potential meetings with former US President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris will be watched closely, as they could influence future diplomatic relations.

Setting the Agenda for the Future
PM Modi’s visit to the QUAD summit is a critical moment for India’s global strategy. From advancing technological innovations in semiconductors and quantum computing to deepening defense and economic partnerships, India’s role as a global leader is becoming more pronounced. As India prepares to host the 2025 QUAD summit, this visit will set the stage for the country’s continued rise on the global stage, cementing its role in shaping the future of diplomacy, security, and technology in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.
The author is the CEO of Griffin Publication

Matinee Show at Allahabad!

September 24, 2024, 3:00 am

Friday has a special meaning in my life . It was a day of new film release and takes me back to Allahabad where I spent my youth. How single Cinema theatre was my Mecca! Regular rounds of Cinema halls was part of routine. If not to see a movie, to see and admire posters of the running and to be released films. ‘Matinee show’ was sought, unlike today when weekend cinema is the norm. Specially during college days, as the show matched with college timings. All of us who skipped college classes for ‘Matinee Show’ are doing well in life! There are many moments of the past which make me happy. Strangely, incidents in modest and simple surroundings/circumstances have given me more happiness than even travelling to foreign lands. Among many such adolescent/childhood memories are the moments watching those countless films in Allahabad.

The ticket sales would commence a week prior to the new release and I would make it a point to be an hour early for the window to open ; well! I was not the only one! Only two tickets per person were permitted . Much pushing, jostling and climbing on the front person’s shoulder would ensue while waiting for the ticket sale to commence . Sometimes ; when one would be near to the closed window the sound of the stamping on the ticket book by the booking clerk would kindle a unique joy and expectations . The clerk would stamp the date and show timing on the tickets . This ticket book consisted of leaves very thin and fragile like the petals of bougainvillea flowers- pink, blue, green and yellow. On obtaining the tickets one would verify the details on it for correctness and then neatly secure them in the purse or the top pocket and on reaching home hide them inside a text book as a prized possession.

We had priorities clear from early days .We watched ‘Matinee Show’ to watch our ‘Matinee Idols’. First Day first Show was an achievement we boasted of. Money was scarce and lower stall was therefore preferred. Some money was always saved for Samosas during interval; which was must. As the interval approached the smell of freshly ‘deep fried’ samosas in ‘Dalda Vanaspati’ was awaited expectantly. After the show there was no rush to walk out but we leisured out of cinema hall much after the screen was darkened ( those days titles/credits appeared in the beginning and this western trend of titles rolling out at end had not commenced). Outside we looked out for the vendors selling song lyrics along with peanuts. The lyrics had to be obtained and songs memorized . I remember many songs and still when they appear on TV I can sing them along, though I do not remember syllabus of the many subjects I studied in college and school. Such was our devotion and passion! The story of the film with action and dialogues was narrated to our neighbours who had missed the fun. It was considered normal to fall in love with the heroine for a certain period and many days and nights were consumed thinking of her. Minute details were noted-colour of her sari, the jewellery she wore, the cut of her salwar kameez , her haircut etc. Soon after the first Matinee show the verdict on the film was announced . Hit or Flop? This has indeed been the norm and famous Directors such as Subhash Ghai among others have stated that fate of a film was decided by the audience during ‘First day First Show’. There was no hurry to return home , after pulling out our cycles from the stand the film was discussed threadbare with heated arguments to drive home our views and to defend the performance of our –‘Matinee Idol’.

The craze was such that when we visited other towns and cities the first preferred location hunt was cinema halls and the movies playing. I visited my friend in Kanpur and the next morning I skipped an important marriage ceremony of his sister and saw ‘Nau do Gyaraha’ ( Dev starrer) at the local theatre. During my job interview at Bangalore where luckily I spent many days the fullness of Cinema scene in that great city , in the late seventies was explored with a missionary zeal. I may not remember many historical places in important cities but I still remember the cinema halls there ( I am a history student !)

Now that the era and its magic is past , there is tremendous lament. Cinema is now captured and arrested in mobile sets ; from 35 MM screen to the hand held mobile screen ; Oh ! What a fall! Entertainment is acquired effortlessly with least investment of emotion. No one suffers the loss of failure to obtain opening show tickets; how it haunted one for days! The finest Art creation of 20th Century shall be victim of IT revolution to such an extent one could not fathom.

Looking for some saviour, I cannot see this charming beauty to fade in such a manner! Those days the popular culture was not hit by the Television invasion and the citizens were not caged in their drawing rooms. . Many cinema Halls screened old films at ‘reduced rates’, because the new releases could not keep pace with the number of Cinema Halls, and therefore the ‘rerun’ of old films were a norm. More so, as the cost of print at that time was very high ,even new releases were screened in only one Cinema Hall, and very rare we would witness a release in two Halls- ‘Sholay’ and ‘Bobby’, were exceptions . The reruns gave us a chance to see the Cinema of the yesteryears and appreciate the Art of Dilip Kumar, Balraj Sahni etc. They were still in reckoning but the best years were behind them. They belonged to the generation of my father, but still we liked them as the world was moving slow then and the gulf between the generations was tolerable..

The film ‘Daag’ ( 1954, Dilip Kumar-Nimmi starrer) had an intense impact on me when I saw it in the late sixties/early seventies. I may have been 12-13 old then and had by then bitten by the movie bug. My parents too never restricted my love for the movies and the entire family on occasions witnessed the new releases by booking tickets in advance. It was always a big family outing and often an award at the end of the Annual examination or receipt of results. We three brothers would dress well, make our hair in style of the Hero we were worshipping at that point in time, make gestures copying the Hero on the poster, utter some famous dialogues from the film or recite songs made famous by then; this used to be our ritual prior to witnessing the film.

However at the beginning of my cinematic affair the avenues and opportunities were few owing to my age as I had yet not embarked on college life and therefore my solitary movements were marked to the borders of my colony; Ashok Nagar .Hence, I looked for alternate cinematic experience and my friend’s residence was one such place. His father too was fond of cinema so much so that he would regularly see a movie in the evening after the end of his walk and return home on rickshaw; he was an eminent professor in the University. He was member of the ‘Chalchitra vibhag’ and could loan films for private screenings. We brothers therefore saw many good films at my friend’s place on his 16mm projector- ‘Kanoon’, ‘Bahu-Rani’, ‘Kundan’ are some of the films I still recall. Films were also shown to us at our school- St Joseph’s College; ‘Kohra’ was one suspense film which terrified us to the extent that we students had made a cluster in the middle of the hall and our chairs were all hugging each other ;it was a sight at the end of the show!

Returning to ‘Daag’, it remains in my memory as the earliest film I saw for free , on the Annual Day celebrations of the ‘Valmiki School’ which was just opposite the ‘Chakbandi’ office at the beginning of the Ashok Nagar crossing. ‘Valmiki School’ as my memory goes was a municipal school with rudimentary structure , classrooms with tin roof in straight lines on three sides. A big tamarind tree provided shade to a large grassless ground in the centre. As it grew dark we were on the ground swatting on a mat which was partly provided and covered some portion of the ground. Soon the ground was filled with people , they were standing along the wired boundary wall, on the roof top, on the adjoining trees.

The film began and I was transferred to another world. Even in that young age I could fathom the greatness of the thespian . Dilip got his first Filmfare award for acting for ‘Daag’ . It was a simple story of Dilip Kumar whose weakness was drinking, despite his girlfriend’s and mother’s ( Nimmi and Lalita Pawar) advise and remonstrations he was unable to quit this habit , however one day he quits drinking and decides to leave his village for a job in town, on his return one day he finds his mother was dead, he takes to drinking again and dies in the end. However what has remained with me forever ‘etched’ is the song – ‘Aye mere dil kahin aur chal, gham ki duniyan de dil bhar gaya, dhoondh ley ab koi ghar naya’ Sung by Talat Mahmood, composed by Shankar Jaikishan and penned by Shailendra, this song is soul stirring and appears in the film on many occasions. The long shot of Dilip returning triumphantly to his village suitcase in hand and the song on his lips still haunts me. The strong and yet melodious sound of the ‘Piano-accordion’ is the core of that song.

Even now, whenever I hear the song the sound takes me to those happy moments. Moments of freedom, imagination, creativity.

Unified Pension Scheme: Smart compromise or slippery slope back to fiscal irresponsibility?

September 21, 2024, 4:06 am

The present regime’s introduction of the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) in August 2024 has generated a mix of praise and criticism. As a hybrid between the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) and the New Pension Scheme (NPS), the UPS attempts to balance the demands for guaranteed pensions while addressing the fiscal concerns raised by the ever-growing pension liabilities. However, the scheme’s underlying implications raise several critical questions regarding its long-term sustainability and potential financial burden on future generations.

A Middle Path Between Two Extremes?
The UPS provides government employees with an assured, inflation-adjusted pension at 50% of their last-drawn basic pay, along with other features like periodic dearness relief hikes and a minimum pension of ₹10,000 per month. This scheme, which will be offered as an additional option under the NPS framework, requires employees to contribute 10% of their basic salary while the government increases its share to 18.5%. With 23 lakh central government employees expected to benefit from UPS, the scheme is set to be implemented from April 2025.
The UPS seems to be a smart compromise compared to the older schemes. On one hand, it addresses the demand for pension guarantees that were a hallmark of the OPS. On the other hand, it retains a contributory model, preventing the government from bearing the entire burden as was the case under the OPS. The scheme’s design, guided by actuarial models, suggests that the government has accounted for demographic factors, inflation, and expected returns while determining its financial outlay. The initial projection of an additional annual outgo of Rs 6,250 crore and arrears of Rs 800 crore, though significant, appears manageable at first glance.

The Return of Fiscal Risks
However, critics argue that the UPS may be a slippery slope back to the fiscal irresponsibility that characterized the OPS era. The OPS was notorious for its pay-as-you-go model, which left pension liabilities entirely in the hands of the government, ultimately funded by taxpayers. It was this unsustainable model that prompted the shift to the NPS in 2004, which linked pensions to market returns and involved both employees and the government making contributions.
The UPS, while designed to balance contributions, still reintroduces elements of guaranteed pensions that could strain public finances in the long run. The government’s contribution of 18.5% is based on assumptions related to workforce size, life expectancy, and inflation rates. Any significant deviation from these assumptions could inflate the fiscal burden, especially when the scheme is extended to state governments, potentially covering 90 lakh employees. States already grappling with high debt levels may find it challenging to sustain this additional liability.

Impact on Broader Fiscal Discipline
The broader concern is the precedent the UPS sets. By offering guaranteed pensions, the scheme may encourage states and other entities to abandon fiscally prudent approaches in favor of populist measures. Several opposition parties, when in power in states like Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh, have already reverted to the OPS, highlighting how political pressures can outweigh fiscal rationality.
The Rs 5.22 lakh crore allocated for pensions by states in 2023-24, representing 6%-21% of their revenue receipts, underscores the existing strain on public finances. The UPS could exacerbate these pressures if other states follow suit.
Moreover, while the scheme is targeted at government employees, who make up only 2% of India’s workforce, it is ultimately the broader taxpayer base that bears the cost. Critics argue that social security measures should be aimed at a wider segment of society, particularly the unorganized sector, which lacks adequate pension coverage. By prioritizing a relatively small and organized group, the UPS may be seen as catering more to political interests than addressing systemic issues of social security.

The Politics behind the Policy
The rollout of the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) just before key elections in Delhi, Bihar, Maharashtra, Haryana and Jharkhand suggests it may be politically driven rather than a genuine reform. By focusing on government employees, a crucial voter base, the scheme seems aimed at securing electoral support. Critics note the irony of the BJP, which once backed the market-oriented National Pension Scheme (NPS) in 2004, now shifting towards aspects of the Old Pension Scheme (OPS). Opposition leaders argue that this shift prioritizes electoral gains over fiscal prudence, as state pension liabilities are already over Rs 5.22 lakh crore. Expanding UPS could burden public finances further, and concerns remain that it may divert more public funds into capital markets, benefiting fund managers more than employees. Ultimately, the UPS risks being perceived as a politically motivated rollback rather than a thoughtful policy reform.

A Prudent Move or a Policy Misstep?
The Unified Pension Scheme is undeniably a well-calibrated attempt to bridge the gap between fiscal prudence and political reality. Yet, the very elements that make it appealing — guaranteed pensions, inflation adjustments, and a higher government contribution — also introduce the risk of long-term financial instability. While the UPS may offer a short-term political advantage and satisfy a vocal constituency of government employees, its long-term sustainability remains uncertain.
The Unified Pension Scheme aims to strike a balance between guaranteed pensions and fiscal prudence, but it risks returning to unsustainable practices of the past. Its long-term impact on public finances remains uncertain, raising questions about whether this move represents genuine reform.

Dr. Prashant Kumar, Assistant Professor of Law, MATS University, C.G & Dr. Madhulika Mishra, Assistant Professor of Law,GLA University, UP

Rahul Gandhi’s US Trip and Idea of India

September 21, 2024, 4:05 am

The Leader of opposition, Rahul Gandhi visited America last week, engaged with people at Georgetown University and the University of Texas. He expressed and deliberated the idea of India with the students and faculties. According to him India is under siege of a particular ideological bandwagon which is stirred by RSS. There is no doubt that the role of opposition leader in Lok Sabha is very vital in creating an image of India in abroad. In fact, the factors of foreign policy is also shaped by different bodies and personalities, the leader of opposition is one of them. Therefore, each word spoken in the foreign land matters a lot.

This is disputable why did Rahul Gandhi choose America as his first visit. It might be his personal choice or political compulsion. He might be knowing it better. But the larger question is the anti-India sentiments. The American think tanks have been saying the same which was being expressed by Rahul Gandhi. Rahul met the senator Ilhan Omar, the controversial legislator from Minnesota who has taken a staunchly critical position of the Indian government and been a sympathizer of Pakistan’s. Is it merely coincident or willful attempt to reach out to anti-India lobby in America? British Prime Minister Churchill called India in 1947 ‘rascals, rouges and freebooters’ according to him India is not a country, it is divided into caste and fragmented into religions, very soon it would get demolished like house of sands. America thought on the same line. But India survived and regained more cohesiveness in terms of a country, better understood as a ‘Rashtra’ The federal structure became healthier despite being a few challenges, female conditions improved speedily and social status of Dalits are much better.

Then question which was raised by Rahul Gandhi ‘the idea of India’ is generated by American think tanks and propagated by certain political leaders of India. Let’s revisit what did he say and how did it unfold? The Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha was addressing a gathering of several hundred Indian Americans in Herndon, a Virginia suburb of Washington DC. “First of all, you have to understand what the fight is about. The fight is not about politics. That is superficial,” “The fight is about whether a Sikh is going to be allowed to wear his turban in India or not. Or he, as a Sikh, is going to be able to go to Gurdwara.

That’s what the fight is about. And not just for him, for all religions,” said Rahul. After conflating communal divide, he jumped to challenge the federal spirit of India. Criticizing the RSS for their policies and vision of India, he said, “What the RSS is basically saying is that certain states are inferior to other states. Certain languages are inferior to other languages. Certain religions are inferior to other religions. Certain communities are inferior to other communities. This is what the fight is about.” “…that is the ideology of the RSS. Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Manipuri. These are all inferior languages.”

After understanding the context of Rahul Gandhi’s statements and direct linkages of American think tanks in creating anti-India hate wave. There are numerous examples of creating a narrative against India and then implanting it accordingly. Take the example caste conflicts in India. Caste factor was very conveniently connected with race. The Dalits of India was put in the category blacks of Africa. How was it done? There was a mega project sanctioned by the government of America, facilitated by a think tank. The scholars were identified from India and very easily narratives was constructed and placed in syllabi of India universities. Thousands of PhD research were completed in Indian academia on the name of identity politics by showcasing India is not a cohesive nation-state, it pulled apart by different identities. The critical race theory or post-modernist approach prove time and again. The Oxfam reports or reports generated by different international organizations which have wide acceptability and credibility across the world, do the shabby jobs by targeting certain country. India has been always their prime target. The people who undertake the projects and mandates which are being designed are highly biased.

Indian knowledge system is nothing but a black magic or sheer superstitious stories according to American think tanks.. The scores of fellowships are yearly awarded to selected Indian scholars over period of time, create a strong team for American narratives. The selected items like, secularism, federalism, women empowerment, Dalit card and Kashmir issues are the most important charitable ones. They beautifully package with silver coating by bringing human right and democracy. The American credibility of democracy is on display. The world is watching it very carefully.

It should be properly understood that hate India became more focused since the BJP government under Modi came to power. The idea of India changed. Now India stirred to regain its age old status as a Vishw Guru. The American Think Tanks tools were dismantled or prohibited to proliferate into Indian Education System. The Indic perspectives of knowledge were given larger space. This change of mind challenged the American hegemony.

American scholars are very smart. They believe in empirical research. If the particular issue is raised by the people where they belong to, then it becomes the truth is coming out from horses’ mouth. Who could be a better person than the leader of opposition? That is how Rahul Gandhi’s intellectual stimulations come from American think tanks. He targets RSS.

His understanding of ‘Idea of India’ has completely blurred. According to him Hindu terror groups are more dangerous than LeT, Lashkare-eTaiba. There is a solid proof. In controversial comments, Rahul Gandhi has told US ambassador to India Timothy Roemer that growth of “radicalized Hindu groups” posed a bigger threat to the country than militant groups like LeT, according to a leaked American diplomatic cable in 2009. Rahul, during a conversation with the envoy at a luncheon hosted by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at his residence in July 2009 in honour of visiting secretary of state Hillary Clinton, also referred to the tensions created by some of the more polarizing figures in the BJP such as Gujarat chief minister Narendra Modi, the cable said. “ Responding to the ambassador’s query about Lashkar-e-Tayyaba’s activities in the region and immediate threat to India, Mr Gandhi said there was evidence of some support for the group among certain elements in India’s indigenous Muslim community,” the cable notes. “However, Gandhi warned, the bigger threat may be the growth of radicalized Hindu groups, which create religious tensions and political confrontations with the Muslim community,”

Had Hindus been radical and fundamentalists, half of the world would have been Hindu nations. But it is not. Hinduism itself is plural. It nurtures diversity and accommodates everyone. Therefore, the leader of opposition must think twice before painting negative pictures of India. The political tussles and jockeying look interesting within the boundaries of Indian parliament, when it crosses the boundaries the same tone and textures sound toxic.

Prof Satish Kumar, Political Science, IGNOU, New Delhi

Rahul’s SPG Cover may be Restored

September 21, 2024, 3:09 am

The Congress and its allies have taken a serious note of threats issued to Rahul Gandhi, the leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and have urged the Prime Minister to rein in his partymen who were making irresponsible but alarming statements. Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge has also written a letter to the PM, drawing his attention to the utterances of several leaders from the NDA. Party treasurer Ajay Maken filed a complaint with the Tughlak Road police station earlier in the week, naming three BJP leaders, Ravneet Singh Bittu, Tarvinder Singh Marwah, Raghuraj Singh and Shiv Sena activist Sanjay Gaikwad. Rajya Sabha MP Anil Bonde while reacting to Rahul’s demand for a caste census, also stated that his tongue should be “burned’’. BJP leaders, who have opposed the stand taken on multiple issues by Rahul Gandhi, have also termed him as a terrorist, something which has not gone down well with most people in the political circles. Till a couple of years ago, the BJP had tried to ridicule Rahul by calling him a “Pappu’’ but after he has bounced back and taken the Saffron Brigade upfront, this description has been virtually withdrawn. In fact, Congressmen say that it was the BJP leadership which by making false promises, was making a “Pappu’’ out of the people.

While it is for the Intelligence agencies to assess, the level of threat to the LoP, who enjoys a “Z’’ plus security cover, there is a growing feeling within the Congress that he should be provided enhanced security by the Special Protection Group (SPG), which guards the Prime Minister. The SPG is an elite force drawn from various para-military organizations as well as the Defense Forces, and is solely responsible for the security of the Prime Minister. Till November, 2019, the SPG was also taking care of the security requirements of the Gandhis, who have in the past lost two members of their family to terrorist activity. While Indira Gandhi was gunned down by her own security guards on October 31, 1984, her son, Rajiv was targeted and assassinated by a suicide bomber in Sriperumbudur, on May 21, 1991.

There are many in the security establishment who believe that had Rajiv, at the time of his death been guarded by the SPG, he may have lived. Indira Gandhi was killed since she did not pay heed to advice from her own security personnel, and did not allow the Sikh bodyguards to be withdrawn from her Security detail. The SPG was formed shortly after Rajiv took over as the PM and is now a force with over 3000 highly trained personnel. An amendment in the SPG Act was subsequently made to also extend the cover to the families of the former Prime Ministers. This arrangement was reviewed gradually in 2019 and to begin with the SPG cover was replaced with “Z’’ plus security for both former PMs, HD Deva Gowda and Dr Manmohan Singh.

It was evident that the Centre would in due course withdraw the SPG from the Gandhis as well, a matter that was broken by the Sunday Guardian in a report. Realizing that there could be opposition to the move if the SPG was taken away from the Gandhis, the Home Ministry prepared a detailed justification citing numerous illustrations of how Rahul Gandhi, had infringed the SPG norms, and gone by his own whims and fancies. The unwritten code which is prevalent in any security set up is that the Protectee, cannot have his way, and has to go by the advice of those who protect him. This is a matter which came up for discussion in the security circles when Prime Minister Narendra Modi, was stranded on a bridge near Ferozepur on January 5, last year during the peak of the Punjab election campaign.

While action against Punjab police personnel and its officers was initiated, the SPG’s role was never brought to fore during the inquiry unless, it was kept confidential and action was taken against those who had erred. It was an extremely alarming situation that the SPG had permitted the PM to undertake a road journey through hostile terrain with the farmers protest in progress and without ensuring that there were safe houses on the way. The entire incident was in complete violation of the stipulations laid down by the blue book and the SPG code. Coming back to Rahul, he should have adhered to the counsel of the SPG, and ensured that he did not violate the provisions. Those close to him were of the view that he was given the security cover to enable the Centre to keep a watch on his movements.

During PV Narasimha Rao’s tenure, the SPG personnel deployed at Ten Janpath with Sonia Gandhi, were mostly those who belonged to the Intelligence Bureau and kept a close watch on who came to meet her. This was an accepted part of their job profile. Not many people are aware that after Rajiv’s assassination, Sonia had hired private security personnel to guard her for some time.

The government is conscious that the Gandhis continue to be subjects of attention from all types of people and thus need to be protected. Describing Rahul as a terrorist is something which is difficult to understand. In this context, it needs to be pointed out that in 2006, during his maiden speech at the Congress Plenary in Hyderabad, Rahul had affirmed that his allegiance was to the National Flag, which was also the symbol of everything he stood for. Whether the Centre provides a SPG cover to him is something which would be known soon.

SYNTHETIC IDENTITY FRAUD

September 20, 2024, 4:23 am

The New Currency: Identity
In today’s digital age, identity has become the new currency. Trust is no longer confined to the protection of financial assets, it now extends to the safeguarding of personal identities. As more consumers conduct their lives online, financial institutions are realizing that protecting a customer’s identity is just as critical as securing their money.

Synthetic Identity Fraud
In this increasingly digitized world, fraudsters are constantly finding new ways to exploit vulnerabilities in financial systems. One such method that has gained significant traction is synthetic identity fraud. This form of fraud involves fabricating an identity by combining real personal information with fictional details, creating a new identity that can slip through the cracks of various verification processes. Unlike traditional identity theft, where a criminal steals and uses someone’s complete identity, synthetic identity fraud involves piecing together a new persona that isn’t directly tied to a real individual. This makes it harder for victims and authorities to detect the fraud, as no single person’s identity has been entirely compromised.

How Synthetic Identities Are Created
The process usually begins by obtaining a real government identity card number such as PAN, AADHAAR, driving license etc, often from someone who is unlikely to notice irregularities. This is most commonly done by stealing IDs from the elderly or individuals who are not active or they don’t frequently check their credit scores. Counterfeit or manipulated identity documents like driving licenses, voter IDs, or passports may be used to support the synthetic identity.
Once a valid identity number is obtained, criminals combine it with made-up information, such as a fake name, address and birthdate. To further build the credibility of the synthetic identity, fraudsters may apply for small loans or lines of credit using the new identity. Even if these initial applications are denied, the attempt can still result in the creation of a credit file for the synthetic identity. Over time, as the fraudster continues to apply for and use credit under the synthetic identity, they build a legitimate-looking credit history, making it easier to access larger sums of money.
In some cases, fraudsters will even use the synthetic identity to “piggyback” on someone else’s credit by becoming an authorized user on their account. This technique allows the synthetic identity to inherit the positive credit history of the original account holder, further legitimizing the fake identity.
Fraudsters typically use two main methods to create synthetic identities:
Manipulated Identity: This involves altering one or more details of a real identity. For example, someone with a poor credit history might modify their identity slightly to hide past financial issues. These types of synthetic identities can sometimes be easier to detect.
Manufactured Identity: This method involves combining real and fake information to create a completely new identity. For example, a fraudster might use a real PAN paired with a false name and date of birth to open new accounts that don’t belong to any real person.

The Dangers of Synthetic Identity Fraud
Synthetic identity fraud is especially dangerous because it’s harder to detect than traditional identity theft. In regular identity theft, a fraudster steals someone’s entire identity and uses it to commit fraud. With synthetic identity fraud, however, there’s often no specific person who becomes a victim, which might sound like a good thing at first. But without a real person to notice and report the fraud, it’s much harder for businesses to catch it early.
Here’s why that’s a problem:
Undetected Fraud: Since no consumer is monitoring the account, fraudsters can keep synthetic identities active for months or even years. During this time, they build up good credit, secure higher credit limits, and then max out the accounts before disappearing. Without anyone to report the suspicious activity, the fraud can go unnoticed for a long time.
Misclassified Losses: When the fraud is finally discovered, it’s often too late. Businesses may write off the account as bad credit, not realizing it was actually fraud. This makes it difficult for companies to spot synthetic identity fraud and assess if their security measures are working.
Tracking and measuring losses from synthetic identities is tricky. There’s often confusion within organizations about what qualifies as a synthetic identity and whether it’s a fraud or credit issue. In the end, the real victims are businesses and lenders /Financial Institutions, who end up absorbing the financial losses, sometimes on a large scale, without a clear way to identify or prevent the fraud in the first place.

Some Recent Synthetic Identity Fraud Cases
PPP Fraud Scheme: Two individuals in Florida were charged for creating approximately 700 synthetic identities using stolen Social Security numbers and fake names. They exploited these identities to defraud the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) during the COVID-19 pandemic, illegally obtaining over $3 million. This case illustrates how fraudsters can manipulate government aid programs by leveraging synthetic identities to access funds intended for legitimate businesses.
TransUnion Report on Rising Fraud: A report from TransUnion highlighted that synthetic identity fraud is the fastest-growing form of fraud in the U.S., with significant impacts on public sector agencies. The report noted that states with generous unemployment benefits, such as Washington and Nevada, were particularly targeted due to their lack of income records to verify claims. This led to improper payments and loss of access to benefits for legitimate constituents.
Federal Investigations into Synthetic Identity Rings: In various investigations conducted by federal agencies, including Homeland Security, synthetic identity fraud schemes have been uncovered involving multiple individuals working together to create fraudulent identities. These cases often involve elaborate setups where identities are registered with government agencies, allowing fraudsters to extract benefits or services without detection.

Technological Countermeasures:
Indian financial institutions are increasingly leveraging advanced technologies to tackle the growing threat of synthetic identity fraud. Some of the key measures being adopted include:
1. Biometric Authentication: Financial institutions are incorporating biometric systems, such as fingerprint or facial recognition, to verify the identity of applicants. This method adds an additional layer of security, making it harder for fraudsters to use synthetic identities.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML algorithms are being used to detect unusual patterns in account behavior. These systems can flag suspicious activities, such as rapid credit line increases or inconsistent data, helping institutions identify potential synthetic identities before significant damage is done.
3. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Using MFA, institutions require additional verification steps, such as a one-time password (OTP) or security questions, to ensure that a person is who they claim to be. This makes it more difficult for fraudsters to access accounts using synthetic identities.
4. Aadhaar-Based Verification: The Aadhaar system, India’s biometric identification system, is widely used to verify identities in financial services. By linking accounts with Aadhaar, financial institutions can ensure that the identity belongs to a real person, reducing the chances of synthetic fraud.
5. Data Analytics: Institutions are using big data analytics to cross-reference customer information with various databases. By analyzing large sets of data, inconsistencies in identity information can be flagged, helping to detect synthetic profiles.

Way Forward
It is predicted that synthetic identity fraud will continue to evolve, necessitating constant innovation in detection and prevention techniques.The Indian cybersecurity market is expected to flourish over the following five years, driven largely by the need for advanced fraud detection solutions. The need for strong identity management systems are not just about meeting regulatory requirements, they are essential for maintaining customer trust and ensuring long-term business success.
Identity verification has thus evolved into a central pillar of modern financial security. Just as money flows through the economy, so too does personal information circulate through digital networks, making it imperative for businesses to treat identity protection with the same level of importance as financial security. Robust identity management systems allow institutions to defend against increasingly sophisticated forms of fraud, while also reassuring customers that their personal information is safe. As fraudsters continue to find new ways to exploit vulnerabilities, it’s clear that identity security has become a business imperative, not just a compliance checkbox.
In conclusion, synthetic identity fraud remains a significant and evolving threat to India’s financial sector. While progress has been made in detection and prevention, continuous innovation, collaboration between stakeholders, and investment in advanced technologies are essential to combat this menace. As India continues its digital transformation, the battle against synthetic identity fraud will remain a critical focus for regulators, financial institutions, and technology providers alike.

Khushbu Jain is a practicing advocate in the Supreme Court and founding partner of the law firm, Ark Legal & Brijesh Singh, IPS Principal Secretary to Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Views expressed are personal.

Allegations against Rahul Gandhi unfounded

September 20, 2024, 3:34 am

Ideology, values and principles have their own special importance in Indian politics. This is not only necessary for the development and stability of the country, but it is also a proof of the responsibility of political parties towards the public. But, when personal attacks, baseless allegations and false propaganda start in politics, it only shows the declining level of politics. Unfortunately, the kind of politics that the Bharatiya Janata Party is trying to do is unacceptable for Indian democracy.

There should be no hesitation in saying that the Prime Minister’s silence on this decline in level is encouraging the talkative class. The baseless allegations made by the BJP on senior Congress leader and Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, Rahul Gandhi, are indicative of this distorted mentality. The repeated allegations of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) against Rahul Gandhi are also the biggest proof of their political fear. Because, Rahul ji constantly asks questions to the government in the interest of the country. He raises the voice of the village, poor, labourer and farmer. He makes the issues of women oppression a national issue. Therefore, with the protection and encouragement of the Prime Minister, everyone from the Central Government ministers to the MLAs of different states make unnecessary allegations.

Personal attacks in politics
The trend of personal attacks has increased significantly under the political policy of the BJP. The allegations leveled by BJP on Rahul ji are not only in his personal life, but are also an unsuccessful attempt to challenge his political stature. This act of distorted and opposite ideology is also carried out by senior BJP leaders. This taunt points towards personal insult and ridicule, far from discussing any ideology or policy in politics. The purpose of such words and allegations is only to tarnish the image of Rahul ji. BJP forgets every time that due to all such efforts of theirs, the image of Rahul ji as a leader of the people emerges with more strength.

Perverted mindset of BJP
The baseless allegations leveled by BJP leaders on Rahul Gandhi are a symbol of the distorted mindset of BJP. Instead of healthy debate and discussion in politics, when there is politics of allegations and counter-allegations, it only creates division and rift within the society. Such allegations are an example of the mindset of the BJP, where opponents are not respected. Opposition parties play an important role in a healthy democracy, but for the BJP, the opposition is only a target of criticism. This mentality not only insults democratic values, but also shows how the BJP is ready to go to any extent in its greed for power.

Falling level of politics
The baseless allegations on Rahul ji are also a proof of the falling level of Indian politics. Politics used to be a platform of ideology and public service, but now it has become a game in which personal attacks and abusive language are used. It is because of the false arrogance of the BJP that there is a lack of healthy debate among political parties in today’s era. Instead of discussing policies, schemes and problems of the public, personal attacks keep happening more. This situation not only shows the falling level of BJP, but also tells how BJP, which is in power from the center to running the government in many states, has left behind democratic traditions and constitutional values in its greed for power.

Diversion from public issues
The truth of today’s political era is that the allegations and personal attacks on Rahul ji are not only against an individual, but it is a way to divert attention from the real issues of the public. When political parties fail to solve the problems of the public, they try to hide their failures by blaming their opponents. BJP’s attacks on Rahul ji are also a part of this strategy. Instead of facing criticism on the policies and schemes of the government, BJP is trying to hide its failures by targeting Rahul ji. This not only ignores the issues of the people but also undermines the basic purpose of politics.

Threat to democratic values
The allegations levelled against Rahul ji and the strategy adopted by BJP are a big threat to Indian democracy. In the basic definition of democracy, it is an established fact and truth that the place and respect of the opposition is important in a healthy democracy. The opposition criticises the policies of the government and raises the voice of the people. But, when there are absolutely baseless personal attacks on the top leadership of the opposition, it weakens the dignity and seriousness of the House as well as the foundation of democracy. The allegations levelled against Rahul ji garner short-lived discussion, but weaken the faith of the people in the democratic system. This sends a message among the people that personal attacks have become more important in politics than ideology and principles.

BJP lagged behind in the ideological battle
BJP may have forgotten but the people of the country know this truth very well that the allegations levelled by BJP against Rahul ji are not just personal attacks, but are a part of the ideological battle. The ideologies of both BJP and Congress are different and this ideological conflict is at the centre of Indian politics. BJP promotes its hate-filled ideology and divisive political sentiment, while Congress advocates a secular and inclusive society. Despite losing this ideological battle time and again, BJP targets Rahul ji only because it still finds itself dwarfed in front of Congress’ ideology. It gets defeated, but still keeps fighting shamelessly.

In the court of the people, now it is the responsibility of the people
In this era of falling standards in politics and baseless allegations, the public also has an important responsibility. The public has to understand that instead of allegations and counter-allegations, BJP wants to divert attention from the real issues. The allegations made on Rahul ji are only a part of politics, but the public has to understand that these allegations are made only for political gain. The public also has to learn to differentiate between truth and lies. It also has to be seen which politicians are committed to solving their problems.
In a healthy democracy, there should be discussion on ideology, policy and problems of the public, not the game of personal attacks and allegations. The public has to be alert and see which leaders in politics are paying attention to the real issues and who are resorting to falsehood only in the greed for power. The allegations made by the BJP on Rahul ji are not only an attack on a person, but also an attack on the values of Indian democracy, politics and society. The public has to understand that this is the falling level of politics and the responsibility of improving it lies in the public.

The author is the state president of Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee.

Contrast of the law of the land and blasphemy in India

September 19, 2024, 3:47 am

An Overview of Islamic Tradition
The Indian legal and constitutional landscape is unfamiliar with the phrase “blasphemy.” What is blasphemy? The word blasphemy is derived from two Greek words: blapto, meaning “to injure”, and pheme, meaning “to speak”. So, blasphemy is simply considered injurious speech or speaking evil.
It has been the stance of Holy Qura’an that the Prophets’ followers to be tolerant and persistent in their beliefs and to fight evil with good and not to worry.
Persecution, mockery, and suffering were all part of life for the Prophet and his followers, but they never wavered in their faith.

Blasphemy in the Holy Qur’an and Sunna
Islamic tradition speaks of sabb allah and sabb al-rasul, meaning reviling God or reviling the Messenger. But the term Sabb (in the sense of abuse) occurs twice as manifested in the HOLY Qur’an, in 6:108: “abuse not these to whom they pray, apart from God, or they will abuse God in revenge without knowledge.” Though the Holy Quran doesn’t say what the punishment should be.
In contrast, the Hadith literature does contain references to blasphemy. The killing of prominent people, most likely because of their political activities against the Muslim community,

The development of blasphemy law in Islam
Actually, the concept of blasphemy as an offence was developed by Muslim jurists in the post-prophetic period. Blasphemy against the Prophet was considered a greater offence than blasphemy against the law. And this very notion stemmed from the idea that blasphemy was the violation of a ‘right of man’ (haqq al-‘abd’) for which repentance (by itself) was insufficient to absolve the offender. The four legal Sunni schools of Islamic legal thought all recognize the offence of blasphemy. However, there are differences between them on the question of whether perpetrators of the offence should be given the opportunity to repent. The Hanafis, Hanbalis, and Malikis advocate for execution regardless of the offender’s age (though disputes and questions arise regarding the authenticity of the original Hanafi position); in contrast, the Shafi affirms that blasphemy repentance is acceptable.
Interestingly, in the formative texts of various schools of law, blasphemy against the Prophet or the “Sahabda” is not mentioned among the punishable acts that constitute apostasy (ridda) or unbelief (kurf).

Indian Context: Historical Background
The release of songs like “Rangeela Rasool”,which made fun of the Prophet Mohammed, led to introducing a new section 295A in 1927 in the IPC, 1860. Presently, Chapter XV of the IPC, which deals with offences relating to religion, is divided into the following categories:
Injuring of defiling places of places of worship with intention to insult the religion of any class as mentioned in sec.295 of IPC corresponding to sec.298 of Bharatiya Naya Sanhita,2023)
Outraging or wounding the religious feelings of people (Sec.295A corresponding to section 299 of BNS,2023 which talks about “Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs” and 298 of IPC corresponding to 302 which talks about “Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.”
Disturbing religious assemblies as mentioned in sec.296 of IPC corresponding to section 300 which talks about “Disturbing religious assembly.

The Constitution and Blasphemy
As India is a secular state, Article 25 of the Constitution guarantees the freedom of conscience, the freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion to all citizens. Constitutional validity of the section 295A of IPC, 1860 was questioned before the apex court of the land in the case of Ramji lal Modi v. state of Uttar Pradesh (AIR 1957 SC620) where the Apex Court upheld its validity on the ground that the restriction imposed on freedom of expression by the section was reasonable and was covered under the head of “public order”. The reasoning of the court was that the section did not penalize any and every act of insult to religion or the religious belief of a class of citizen but was directed to act perpetrated with the deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feeling of a class of citizens. There must be a proximate link between speech and public disorder and not a far-fetched “remote” or “fanciful connection” (Superintendent Central Prison v. Ram Manohar Lohia (AIR 1955 All 193, 1955 CriLJ 623).

In concluding, it can be said that blasphemy is debatable and one of the most abused law. Blasphemy is often regarded as a reasonable restriction on freedom of speech and expression. In this modern world, where freedom of speech and religion are widely considered as fundamental and human rights, India, despite being a pluralist country with an incomparable diversity in its population, has a vast ocean of varied conflicting opinions on sec.295A of the Indian Penal Code,1860 (corresponding to section 299 of BNS,2023), which is a law against blasphemy in the guise of hate speech.

Weak textual basis, apple of discord amongst the Muslim jurists, changing socio-political context, and so on should be kept in mind before contending of blasphemy. Furthermore, in a secular country like India, there must be acceptance of the concept of freedom of expression and constitutional spirit and should not be stand as antithetical to India’s secular ethos.

Adopting the Nordic approach to ensure a Safer Future

September 19, 2024, 3:45 am

Sex work in India lies within a legal framework that is both intricate and contradictory. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, criminalizes related activities, including soliciting, operating a brothel, and pimping, but the act of sex work itself is not illegal. This partial criminalization frequently results in the harassment and exploitation of sex workers by law enforcement, leaving them susceptible to abuse.

An imperative need exists to re-evaluate India’s approach to the practice in light of the increasing concerns regarding human trafficking and the exploitation of vulnerable individuals. A measure that could be taken to more effectively resolve these issues is the adoption of a more nuanced and rights-based framework.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEX WORK
Various legal frameworks have been implemented in countries worldwide to address prostitution, reflecting a variety of cultural, social, and moral perspectives. Some of the most notable strategies are the abolitionism, partial criminalization, decriminalization, and legalization. In countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, legalization is achieved by regulating prostitution through state laws, which permit sex work under specific circumstances. New Zealand has implemented decriminalization, which eliminates criminal penalties for consensual sex work among adults. In contrast, the abolitionism i.e. the Nordic Model, which was established by Sweden and has since been emulated by other Scandinavian countries, criminalizes the purchase of sex while decriminalizing its sale in order to mitigate demand and safeguard vulnerable individuals. The best method to reconcile the rights and safety of sex workers with efforts to combat exploitation and trafficking is a topic of ongoing debate, as each approach has its advocates and critics.

THE NORDIC APPROACH
The Nordic Model was initially implemented in Sweden in 1999. Subsequently, Norway and Iceland have implemented it. Recently the same has been adopted by France and Izrael. The model provides social support to sex workers and criminalizes the purchasers of sex but not the selling of it. The primary objective is to mitigate human trafficking and exploitation by concentrating on the demand for prostitution. The method posits that prostitution is inherently exploitative and is designed to safeguard the most vulnerable individuals. From a human rights standpoint, the model operates under the premise that prostitution is a type of violence that is rooted in gender, and that it is unacceptable for anybody to be compelled or manipulated into engaging in the sale of sexual services. It acknowledges the unequal distribution of power that frequently occurs between individuals purchasing and selling sexual services.

EFFECTS OF THE NORDIC APPROACH
Since the law was passed, Sweden has reported a fall in the number of males purchasing sex and a reduction in the number of people engaging in street prostitution. Additionally, there has been a rise in the level of public support for the law across the nation. Currently, the number of women engaged in street prostitution in Sweden is significantly fewer compared to when the Law was implemented in 1999.
The Scandinavian countries have lower rates of trafficking and exploitation than countries like Germany, which have legalized prostitution. This is in contrast to the countries that have legalized prostitution. Certain detractors contend that the approach exacerbates the underground nature of prostitution, hence heightening the peril faced by sex workers. The studies conducted by various organizations there depicts that the Nordic Model has resulted in a decline in street prostitution and has increased the difficulty for traffickers to carry out their operations. Furthermore, it has caused a change in public opinions, resulting in a decreased level of societal acceptance towards the act of purchasing sexual services.

ADOPTING THE NORDIC APPROACH IN INDIA
Sex work in India is not illegal under some circumstances, whereas acts such as soliciting, operating a brothel, and facilitating prostitution is not allowed. This partial criminalization of sex work has resulted into the harassment and exploitation of sex workers by law enforcement authorities.
Implementing a Scandinavian/Nordic model in India could effectively combat human trafficking and exploitation in the sex industry. Additionally, it could offer more comprehensive and resilient support systems for individuals seeking to leave the profession of prostitution.
India’s socio-economic situations diverge markedly from those of Scandinavian countries. Implementing this paradigm would necessitate significant modifications in legal, social, and economic policy. An emphasis should be placed on social welfare programs, rehabilitation services, and public education campaigns.
It would necessitate thoughtful examination and adjustment, but it might serve as a measure to mitigate exploitation in the sex business. Emphasis should be placed on safeguarding the most susceptible individuals, diminishing the need, and offering means for individuals engaged in prostitution to quit the industry. We must promote a change in policy that adheres to human rights principles and places a high importance on the well-being and respect of those engaged in prostitution.

Author is an Assistant Professor of law at Symbiosis Law School, Pune

People’s participation gives J&K election legitimacy

September 19, 2024, 3:40 am

Jammu and Kashmir saw enthusiastic participation by voters in the first phase of the Assembly elections on Wednesday. The voting percentage, at the time of writing, was over 58% and may cross 60% once all the numbers come in. This is quite remarkable given the low participation by voters in earlier elections. The Lok Sabha elections served as a curtain raiser, where too we saw enthusiasm among voters for casting their votes. This would have disappointed the Pakistan-backed propagandists who have been telling everyone that the situation in Kashmir is among the most oppressive in the world and that India has killed democracy by abrogating Article 370. Instead what the world saw on Wednesday were long queues at polling booths, with voters freely exercising their franchise. The run-up to the first phase also resembled the way electoral politics is played in this country, with the rallies and the rhetoric dominating the voting landscape. The second and third phases of voting are scheduled for 25 September and 1 October and there is no reason to believe that there will be any drop in voter enthusiasm in these phases.

This election is a part of the mainstreaming of Kashmir and is one more proof of how the valley has changed in the last 5 years, after the abrogation of Article 370. The Indian flag now flutters where it was never allowed to fly—at Srinagar’s Lal Chowk. The city itself has got a major facelift. Srinagar, which had got traffic lights a little over 10 years ago and went indoors at 6 pm for fear of terror attacks in 2014—when the Assembly elections were held there after the devastating floods that year—now bustles in the evening, with tourists and locals thronging the city centre. Even in 2019, before the abrogation of Article 370, the talk in the international media was all about the allegations of young boys being picked up by the Indian Army, about torture, killing, rape, etc. A cottage industry had flourished of “victim shopping”, where the youth would take foreign reporters to specific locations and spin tales of horror, feeding the media with what was essentially fake information regarding the military. Terrorists ran amok. Stone-pelters in downtown Srinagar made the lives of security personnel hell. All of that seems like a bad dream now.

One of the reasons could be the security establishment’s ability to cut off the money chain that fed the overground workers of terror groups and other Pakistani proxies in the valley. The disappearance of Hurriyat from the scene, specifically the non-emergence of a Hurriyat leadership post the demise of Syed Ali Shah Geelani, too has helped the situation. After all, once upon a time, the valley marked its days according to the hartal (strike) calendar issued by the hardliner Geelani. For days and months there would be shutdowns because Geelani wanted it; elections would see minuscule participation because Geelani and other Hurriyat leaders would inevitably call for a shutdown on voting day, the reason why results were decided by a few hundred votes. Of course the stellar work done by the security establishment and the Lieutenant Governor’s administration has helped in the mainstreaming of Kashmir. The Army has worked hard to ensure that anyone who picks up the gun, has a shelf life of not more than a year. This crackdown has made the Pakistani backed terrorists to start attacking Jammu, but with the security establishment determined to neutralise them, there is every reason to believe that this too will be a thing of the past sooner than later. All this has contributed to the normalisation of the situation to a certain extent. Of course as long as Pakistan continues to make mischief, the threat of the situation deteriorating will always be there. It is to prevent this from happening and to keep the situation “normal” that the forces are paying a high price, in terms of manpower.
Amid all this, what is the most remarkable is the return of aspiration in the valley. People have started believing in the future.

Hence, it is encouraging that even those considered separatists, like the Jamaat and Engineer Rashid’s Awami Ittehad Party (AIP) are taking the democratic path to make their voices heard. Chances are that they will pick up a substantial number of seats too, especially AIP in the Baramulla region. Baramulla is Rashid’s Lok Sabha seat, which he won after defeating Omar Abdullah. He had a lead on 14 of Baramulla’s 18 Assembly segments in the Lok Sabha elections. In case he is able to retain that winning streak, Omar Abdullah’s National Conference would be the biggest loser, since these seats were once NC’s bastion. In fact the established political parties of J&K, the Abdullah family’s NC and the Mufti family’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP) have themselves to blame for the erosion in their support base. The consensus in the Valley seems to be that these two parties have done nothing for the people and hence it is time to consign them to the dustbins of history. If that actually happens, then there will be a sea change in the political complexion of the valley. Smaller parties are coming up and seem to be more representative of the local people. Whether or not they are able to fulfil the promises that they have made to their voters, only time will tell, but they should not forget that the elections are about issues that affect people’s lives. People are not voting for them because they have promised to bring back Article 370—which is an impossibility. People want a normal life, a peaceful and prosperous life. That aspiration must be fulfilled.

Women’s Safety: Half-Century of Shattered Promises

September 18, 2024, 4:09 am

On a chilling November night in 1973, the corridors of Mumbai’s King Edward Memorial Hospital bore witness to a tragedy that would haunt the nation’s conscience for decades to come. Aruna Shanbaug, a vibrant young nurse dedicated to her calling, descended into the hospital’s basement, unaware that her life was about to be irrevocably altered. In the shadows lurked Sohanlal Bhartha, a ward boy whose soul had been consumed by a twisted desire. As Aruna prepared for her next shift, Bhartha struck with a savagery that defied human comprehension. Fearing recognition, Bhartha strangled her with a dog chain, resulting in severe oxygen deprivation to her brain and leaving her in a vegetative state. The attack also damaged her brain stem, condemning her to a bedridden existence for the remainder of her life.

While Bhartha walked free after a mere seven years (which was reduced to six), Aruna remained shackled to her hospital bed, dependent on the compassion of her colleagues who became her family. For 42 agonizing years, Aruna lay trapped in the prison of her own body, her once-bright eyes now vacant, her skilful hands rendered useless. Each spoonful of mashed food, each gentle turn to prevent bedsores, was a testament to their unwavering devotion and a stark reminder of the injustice that had befallen her. In 2011, the Supreme Court recognized passive euthanasia in the Aruna Shanbaug case, permitting the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment for patients unable to make informed decisions.
Fast forward 50 years to August 9, 2024. A young doctor, exhausted and sleep-deprived after a gruelling 36-hour shift at Kolkata’s R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, sought a moment’s respite in a seminar room. This postgraduate trainee, dedicated to healing others, could not have foreseen the horror that awaited her. The subsequent post-mortem report would churn even the strongest stomachs, revealing the brutal nature of the attack. The tragedy ignited a nationwide doctors’ strike, as medical professionals united in solidarity with their fallen colleague.

One haunting question echoes: As a woman, what was her fault? Her only “crime” was being a working woman, a healthcare professional committed to caring for patients. Why was such cruelty inflicted upon those who dedicate their lives to caring for others? This incident forces us to confront a chilling reality: Where is our country headed if we can’t protect those who protect us? How can we call ourselves a civilized society when those who heal are themselves subjected to such inhumane treatment? The parallels between this case and Aruna Shanbaug’s tragedy from half a century ago are both striking and disheartening, reminding us of the long road ahead in ensuring the safety and dignity of healthcare workers, particularly women. It is undeniable that this issue is about safeguarding our doctors, but the underlying problem remains that women in our country are not safe at all. This tragic incident serves as a stark reminder of the persistent threat to women’s safety in India, particularly in professional spaces.

The safety of our healthcare workers is paramount, but it’s just one facet of the larger issue of women’s safety in India. We must strive to build a society where no woman lives in fear, regardless of her profession or background. While legislative measures are crucial, they alone cannot address the deep-rooted cultural issues that contribute to violence against women There’s an urgent need for a societal shift in attitudes towards women professionals, particularly in male-dominated spaces.

In a stark reminder of the deeply ingrained societal norms, a recent event organized for female lawyers—another male-dominated profession—brought to light an unsettling reality. The invitation explicitly stated it was a dance and music party strictly for women. Yet, when I questioned the male members about their attendance, I was met with the response, “Someone has to make sure that they are safe and they get home safely, the singers, the band, the service staff are all males.” This incident prompts a troubling question: Why do women, who have proven their strength and capability by entering challenging professions like law, still require male protection in social settings? Is it that men are more acutely aware of the potential threats posed by other men and the level of depravity some of them may be capable of; while women remain blissfully ignorant? The irony deepens when we consider that even those of us who question these norms find ourselves perpetuating them.

One night, I found myself staying awake beyond my usual hours to ensure female students returned home safely after a university event, even calling male students to confirm the women’s safe arrival. This cognitive dissonance between our ideals of women’s independence and our instinctive protective behaviours underscores the complex, deeply rooted nature of gender dynamics in our society. It serves as a poignant reminder that true equality and safety for women remain elusive, even in seemingly progressive professional circles.

Horrific incidents like sexual assault, leave indelible scars not just on the victims, but on their families, colleagues, and the entire medical community. The young doctor in Kolkata, like Aruna before her, had dreams, aspirations, and loved ones waiting for her to return home. One can scarcely fathom the depths of anguish that her parents endured upon seeing their daughter’s body, once full of life and promise, now lying motionless and grotesquely distorted. I can’t help but wonder about the societal confrontation and pressure her father must have braved in providing her an education, and how many people must have advised against sending his daughter to medical college. Tragically, incidents like these validate the backward thinking of those who argue against women’s higher education, allowing them to say, “See, this is what happens when a girl goes out into the world.” Such attitudes perpetuate a cycle of fear and restriction, threatening to undo hard-won progress in women’s empowerment and education. Her colleagues, who had shared countless shifts and moments of camaraderie, now face the trauma of losing a friend and the fear that they could be next. The ripple effects of such violence extend far beyond the immediate tragedy, eroding the trust and safety that should be fundamental in any free society.

It forces us to confront an uncomfortable truth: in failing to protect our girls, we are failing ourselves. Each attack on a woman is an attack on the very fabric of our society, tearing at the bonds of care and compassion that hold us together. As we grapple with these harsh realities, we must ask ourselves: How many more Arunas and unnamed victims must we mourn before we take decisive action to create a truly safe environment for women? When one contemplates the final, terrifying moments of the Kolkata victim’s life, the haunting words quoted by Justice Katju in Aruna’s case resonate with chilling relevance. Mirza Ghalib’s poignant verse, “Marte hain aarzoo mein marne ki, Maut aati hai par nahin aati” (One dies longing for death, but death, despite being around, is elusive), takes on a devastating new meaning.

Who Wants the Modi Govt to Fall?

September 18, 2024, 4:05 am

The Modi Government has completed 100 days in office during its third term. What is interesting is that this is an event that the Opposition has taken note of more than the government. The Congress specially went all guns blazing with multiple press conferences in various cities to point out all that the government had not delivered. It is never difficult to spot shortfalls and sure enough the feisty Supriya Shrinate came armed with a list of how the Modi Government had failed the farmers, youth, middle class, railways, infrastructure and the social fabric of the country. Former Finance Minister P Chidambaram called this a government of U turns. Certainly there have been one to many rollbacks in the first few months from the decision on indexation of property to lateral entry for bureaucrats, the broadcast bill and the Wakq Board Amendment bill.

Added to that the repeated criticisms from the RSS and the now open rebellion in election going states from those who have been left out of the candidate list this is certainly not a picture either the PRime Minister or the Home Minister would be comfortable with.
But having said that, the duo are carrying on with business as usual from Day One. Whether it was the decision to appoint the same cabinet as the one in Modi 2.0 (the big four remained the same), or to appoint a Lok Sabha speaker of this choice (again this was a repeat of Modi 2.0), or even the decision to defer the election/selection of a new BJP Chief, there is little in terms of optics to show that the all powerful duo are rattled by the opposition attack. Until the allies pull out the Modi Government is here to stay, which is why one can see some very subtle (and some not so subtle as in the budget grants) to appease Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu and Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. If these two are content then the rest dont really matter because if you look at it closely, no one wants this government to fall. The Opposition for all its hue and cry is in no position to form an alternate government. If the Congress was to take the lead, it would be at the mercy of its allies and in a much more precarious position than the current Modi government. If a smaller regional party leader gets to be prime minister then it would be the case of the tail wagging the dog. The Congress does not make for a reliable ally when it is in a supporting role. We have the United Front Experiment as a case in point (1996-1998). This is something Chandrababu Naidu also recalls all too well.

That leaves the RSS. For all its (implied) criticism of Narendra Modi’s style of functioning the RSS leadership is also all too aware that without Modi’s leadership the tally would have been much lower for the BJP. Coming back for a third term is no easy feat and Modi is still the BJPs best bet to stay on in power.

So in the end, the BJP may end up losing the Haryana, Maharashtra, Jharkhand and J&K polls as the pollsters are predicting. Yes it will be a loss of face, but will it lead to anything more than that, I doubt it. The Modi Government will last out its full term, because that is what all the political parties want.
Priya Sahgal

Autumn’s Palette: A Literary Reflection

September 18, 2024, 4:00 am

A ‘season of mists and mellow fruitfulness’ and ‘close bosom-friend of the maturing sun’, autumn is a repetitive subject in literature, symbolizing various themes such as transformation, maturity, and even falling-off. The vibrant colors of falling leaves, the crispness in the air, and the gentle descent into winter have inspired countless writers and poets across genres. In fiction, poetry, free verse, and haiku, autumn holds a lavish arras of emotion and meaning.

Poetry and the Cadence of Change
Romantic poet John Keats’ poem ‘To Autumn’ is perhaps one of the most celebrated odes to the season. Keats personifies autumn as a time of richness, serenity and fulfillment, capturing the fruitfulness of the harvest and the gentle decline towards winter. Keats’ depiction is sensorial, inviting readers to experience autumn through sight, sound, and smell. The opening lines beautifully set a tone of quietude and accomplishment:

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.

W. B. Yeats crafts poignant verses in ‘The Wild Swans at Coole,’ reflecting the change and impermanence of autumn. His poem muses on the passage of time, as exemplified by the swans: “But now they drift on the still water, / Mysterious, beautiful; / Among what rushes will they build, / By what lake’s edge or pool.”

Similarly, Robert Frost’s works frequently reflect on nature and the passage of time. In his poem ‘After Apple-Picking,’ autumn is a metaphor for the later stages of life. Frost’s contemplation on the end of the apple harvest parallels the waning years of a human life. His familiarity with rural settings and natural imagery allows readers to feel the weight of the season’s transition, embodying both accomplishment and fatigue. Frost says:

For I have had too much
Of apple-picking: I am overtired
Of the great harvest I myself desired.
There were ten thousand thousand fruit to touch,
Cherish in hand, lift down, and not let fall.

Robert Frost’s ‘Nothing Gold Can Stay’, William Wordsworth’s ‘The Prelude’, Walt Whitman’s ‘Leaves of Grass’ and Sylvia Plath’s ‘Ariel’, all these poems have a poignant reflection on autumn’s fleeting nature including the struggle for hope.

In free verse, autumn is often portrayed with a prominence of imagery and emotion, unhindered by rhyme or meter. The American poet Carl Sandburg’s ‘Under the Harvest Moon’ is an exquisite piece that captures the transient beauty of the season. The moon, symbolizing cycle and renewal, reflects on the ephemeral beauty of autumn and love intertwined with the natural order.

Mary Oliver’s ‘A Thousand Mornings’ includes reflections on autumn’s role in the natural cycle and human emotion. Her observations of the world blend with internal musings, translating the seasonal shift into personal contemplation. Oliver’s work often blurs the line between the exterior world and the interior landscape, making the serenity and chaos of autumn a metaphor for introspection and change.

Autumn’s Whispers in Fiction
In fiction, autumn often functions as a backdrop that reflects internal changes in characters or foreshadows significant events. In Albert Camus’ ‘The Stranger,’ autumn’s desolation mirrors the protagonist’s emotional state Thomas Hardy’s ‘Tess of the d’Urbervilles,’ autumn’s harshness reflects the protagonist’s tragic fate. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’ uses autumn to symbolize Hester Prynne’s internal conflict and the puritanical pressures of her environment. The somber, fading leaves parallel Hester’s isolation and societal judgment, offering a compelling narrative tool to enhance the story’s themes.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ utilizes autumn to mirror the decay and moral ambiguity of the era. The autumn setting of the novel’s conclusion underscores the inevitable decline following the summer’s vibrancy and excess. As leaves fall and the days shorten, the characters face the shattering of illusions and dreams unfulfilled, capturing the essence of the Jazz Age’s disillusionment. One notable scene takes place in a New York apartment, where the protagonist observes the city’s transformation: “The street lamps gleamed overhead, and merry shouts floated from the Subway. The lights grew brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music.”

Haiku: The Elegant Simplicity of Nature’s Transition
The haiku, a traditional form of Japanese poetry, a short poem often focuses on nature and the seasons. The brevity of haikus requires concise imagery and emotion, capturing the essence of a moment. Matsuo Bashō, one of the greatest haiku masters from Japan’s Edo period, encapsulates autumn’s spirit with his evocative and spare verses. In his haiku about the ‘first autumn morning,’ Bashō writes:

on the mountain path,
the autumn wind blows heavy—
heads of pampas grass.

This haiku paints a vivid picture of the autumn wind’s presence, suggesting both strength and gentleness. Haikus like these distill nature into its simplest form, offering a moment of clarity and reflection in the fleeting nature of this seasons, such as: “first autumn morning: / the mirror I stare into / shows my father’s face” and
in the cicada’s cry
no sign can foretell
summer’s end
Matsuo Bashō’s ‘furuike ya’ captures autumn’s serenity, while Yosa Buson’s ‘aki no kure’ contemplates autumn’s twilight, a time for introspection. Masaoka Shiki’s ‘kaze to ki no’ celebrates autumn’s vibrant colors, inviting the reader to carouse in the season’s splendor.

Cultural Reflections
The portrayal of autumn in literature transcends geographical and cultural boundaries, yet it remains deeply personal. Autumn allows writers to explore themes of loss, nostalgia, and the passage of time. It is a season that evokes both the happiness of harvest and the inevitability of decline, making it a versatile symbol in literature.

Many cultures celebrate autumn festivals, thanking nature for its bounty, while simultaneously preparing for the scarcity of winter. This duality of celebration and anticipation is effectively mirrored in literature. Writers use autumn as a metaphor for human experiences—youth giving way to age, dreams transitioning to reality, and beauty fading into memory.

Hence autumn is traditionally known as a time to celebrate the harvesting of crops including squash, pumpkins, grapes, cranberries, and apples, people celebrates after picking their own produce with friends and family across the countries.
Biggest festivals of India including ‘Ganesh Chaturthi’, ‘Navratri’, ‘Dussehra’ and ‘Diwali, all are celebrated in the months of autumn. Mid-Autumn Festival or Mooncake Festival, is a harvest festival celebrated in Chinese culture in autumn season.

Autumn at the Arboretum in Dallas, The Great Jack O’Lantern Blaze in Hudson Valley, New York, National Apple Harvest Festival in Biglerville, Pennsylvania, Sever’s Fall Festival in Shakopee, Minnesota, Salem Haunted Happenings in Salem, Massachusetts, Santa Fe Wine & Chile Fiesta in Santa Fe, New Mexico etc. are few of the festivals celebrated in United States of America in autumn season.

The Continued Resonance of Autumn
From John Keats’ lyrical reflection in ‘To Autumn,’ to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions in ‘The Great Gatsby,’ autumn in literature, with its vibrant hues and melancholic whispers from the warmth of golden light to the chill of fading life, serves as a canvas for reflection, a metaphor for life’s transitions, and a celebration of nature’s rhythm.

Contemporary writers also continue to explore the many dimensions of autumn, finding new ways to express its timeless themes. This ongoing engagement highlights the season’s enduring appeal as a literary touchstone. Thus, autumn remains a beloved subject for its ability to capture the essence of change and the passage of time, muffled with readers across generations.

Dr. Shalini Yadav is a Professor, Writer and Columnist hailing from Jaipur, Rajasthan.

FROM R.G. KAR TO A NATIONAL MOVEMENT: WHY ‘SAFETY IN WORKPLACE’ MUST BE OUR NEXT BATTLE

September 17, 2024, 2:17 am

As we all know by now, the recent rape case at Kolkata’s R.G. Kar Medical College has reignited the demand for a special law or new legislation to protect female staff in hospitals. Over the past few years, we have witnessed how the government has enacted and amended rape laws in response to public outcry. From the Bhanwari Devi case, which resulted in the Supreme Court’s Vishakha Guidelines of 1997, through to Nirbhaya (2012), bringing sweeping and radical changes to criminal laws including amendments to Juvenile Justice Act where Justice Verma Committee recommendations were implemented.

However, these changes in the law have not stopped the rape cases numbers from increasing. A woman is sexually assaulted every 15 minutes across the country, according to a government report – and in 2022, police received 31,000 reports of rape. This is evident because the number of rape cases has not decreased, even with changing laws. Clearly, our legal system has not made an impression deterrent in society. But in such situations, who should be held accountable? Let’s take the recent R.G. Kar case as an example to discuss this problem. It was found that several corruption cases had been registered against the principal, Dr. Sandip Ghosh, yet no action was taken against him. Why? Despite allegations and evidence being presented to the appropriate authority, no steps were taken. In fact, those who filed complaints were threatened by government officials and transferred from R.G. Kar Hospital. This clearly indicates corruption and a misuse of the powers given to the executive body.

In India, the doctrine of the separation of powers is followed. This constitutional law doctrine divides government responsibilities into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The goal is to prevent any one branch from having too much power and to provide checks and balances. Each branch is given certain powers to check and balance the others. However, in reality, we see a dominance and overlapping of power, undermining this principle. Considering this recent case when it mentioned by the legislature that the medical college has to follow certain guidelines for their staff and patients when why there is no check system in the medical institutions? Its compulsory for everyone to follow Vishakha Guidelines in the workplace but how many institutions or workplace are actually following this guideline strictly. In the judiciary, for instance, the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 2013 mandates that trials for certain offenses must be completed within two months of the chargesheet being filed. The Act also requires that trials be held daily, with adjournments allowed only for compelling reasons that must be recorded. However, the pressing question remains: how many cases have actually been resolved within this timeframe? In rape cases, the victim and her family are repeatedly traumatized—not just by the crime itself but also by society, the media, the police, and the judiciary. Even if justice is eventually served, they often find that half of their lives and finances have been consumed by court fees, leaving them in a state of despair.

When the accused comes from an influential family, as in the Jessica Lal murder case, the pursuit of justice can become even more prolonged. If we truly want to control crime in our society, we must enforce a proper separation of powers and, to do that, we must first tackle corruption. Corruption is the root cause of society’s apathy, where people believe that filing a case or protesting is futile because no one will hear their plea. Even if they manage to file a case, they are often pressured to withdraw it or threatened by goons.

This is the current reality in India. The situation cannot be changed merely by enacting new laws; it requires proper implementation and execution of existing ones. In light of the recent R.G. Kar case, it’s time for a mass feminist movement—one where every woman, whether working or not, student or not, regardless of caste, creed, religion, or marital status, raises her voice against corruption, the system, and those responsible for our protection who fail to fulfil their duties. It’s time for another “Me Too movement” but this time it should be a “Safety Movement in the Workplace”. With this movement, women and female students from all sectors across India can highlight security issues they face in their workplaces so that by gathering information from their grievances, government considers can frames uniform laws and policies regarding workplace safety.

Dr. Pyali Chatterjee, HOD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, ICFAI University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

KEJRIWAL TO QUIT, PUTS BJP, CONGRESS ON BACKFOOT

September 17, 2024, 2:11 am

By declaring that he shall quit his position as the Delhi Chief Minister, the Aam Aadmi Party boss, Arvind Kejriwal has precipitated the political churning in the national capital. His move has evidently put both the BJP and the Congress on the defensive, and his outfit has apparently emerged as the party most likely to enjoy the advantage in the Assembly polls that can be held within the next six months, unless, the Centre has other plans.

Incidentally, the Sunday Guardian had anticipated his resignation both this time as well as when he had put in his papers in 2014, while he had the support of the Congress. The political blunder by the Congress at that time had cost it immensely and till today, the party has not been able to win a single seat in the last two polls, where Kejriwal led the AAP to historic wins. Although, it is early to predict the outcome of the next round of Assembly elections, it is more or less settled that the AAP could win the third consecutive time, with the BJP and Congress competing with each other for the second and third position. The Congress has improved its position and the BJP, even after winning the Parliamentary polls a few months ago, does not seem as confident as it should be. The BJP lacks a face that can be projected to oppose Kejriwal and the Congress may have no option but to bring back Ajay Maken, as its CM nominee, given that it would be wanting the support amongst Dalit and Muslims to be extended to the Punjabis as well. Kejriwal’s announcement on Sunday, is a well calibrated move and the reason why he has sought 48 hours is that he wishes to gauge the reactions in political circles.

There is also suspense over who would succeed him as the CM, with most analysts believing that it would be Atishi Singh, a minister in his government and someone who is close both to him and his closest associate, Manish Sisodia.

Atishi is also handling most of the ministries and is virtually functioning as the de-facto CM. However, Arvind is a very politically astute leader and would weigh in many other factors before choosing his successor. The choice would be his since all the MLAs, would now look up to him, to get them re-elected. Therefore, it is possible that he could opt to hand over the baton to his wife, Sunita, who has been holding fort for the past six months, while he was in jail. Sunita’s appointment would also help him to retain his dream house on Flag Stag Road in Civil Lines, which otherwise would have to be vacated, if someone else is made the CM. The Lt.Governor, with whom Kejriwal enjoys a bitter relationship, would take no time in ordering eviction. If Sunita Kejriwal is appointed the CM, she does not have to be immediately elected to the Assembly and can remain in that position for six months and by that time, the Assembly polls, if the Election Commission decides, would have been held. The new Assembly can thereafter choose the next CM and if AAP comes to power, then obviously, Kejriwal would be the automatic choice.

The AAP proposes to use the polls as a referendum on the honesty of the CM, which is strange since, only the Courts have the right to convict or absolve anyone. However, Kejriwal has strong political instincts and if the people’s verdict is in his favour, he would claim that he had been declared innocent by the electorate thus mounting pressure on the Centre. Kejriwal would also wish to make the elections, a plank for fighting for full Statehood for Delhi, in an effort to end the multiplicity of authority as well as to ensure that the Centre, does not use the current constitutional provisions, to curtail his powers, and is forced to review its position and bring about changes, wherever they were required. The AAP is contesting the Assembly elections in Haryana as well and many may believe that after Kejriwal’s release, the party’s nominees may benefit due to a “sympathy factor’’.

This is most unlikely since in the adjoining State, which also happens to be the region from where Kejriwal hails, the AAP’s presence and chances, are almost negligible and its vote cutting capacity is also very diminished. But no chances should ever be taken and therefore, the Congress in particular should remarshal its strategy to contain any possible damage.

There are many in the Congress and other parties, who are convinced that the AAP is the ‘’B” team of the RSS and it has always flourished at the expense of the grand old party. What Kejriwal has to figure out is that like him, even the top two leaders of the BJP, are politically very wily and would not allow him to steal the thunder. Therefore, he should expect the BJP to also throw up a few surprises, the imposition of Presidents’ rule in the capital to begin with.

The Centre could also supersede the Assembly and not hold elections on the plea that an alternative to the present arrangement has to be found. A Commission could thus be constituted on the lines of the Sarkaria Commission, which the VP Singh government had in 1989 end formed, to look into the question of ending multiplicity of authority in Delhi while superseding both the Metropolitan Council and the Municipal Corporation. The BJP under Modi is a difficult opponent to have and therefore it is never easy to predict the moves. At present, the focus is on Kejriwal.

One world, one humanity, Bharat’s Bridge to Peace

September 17, 2024, 2:04 am

The 2024 Theme for the International Day of Peace is ‘Cultivating a Culture of Peace’. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly’s adoption of the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace.

This 5000 year old tradition has survived because it has countered, learned from, and assimilated elements from the various traditions it came across.
Other old traditions like those of Mesopotamia or Egypt, for example have not survived. This Great Tradition was then moulded by the likes of Bal Gangadhar
Tilak, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, B.R Ambedkar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, C Rajagopalachari—all iconic figures of India’s Independence movement—and their generation to fit the context of a modern nation state.

It both built upon, and deviated from, tenets of the ancient civilisation. These were Indians educated abroad, with wide exposure to ideas and experiences in many countries. This experience finds its place in the modern Idea in the acceptance of the basic tenet that all citizens are equal, and in the fundamental role given to democracy in the governance of the new nation. Both are new elements for the Great Tradition. It is an inclusive idea, in which people of all religions, languages, regions and castes are equal as citizens. The Rule of Law in a democracy would be supreme. No one was to be above the law—an unusual notion to most people in India, a society of great historical inequity. India adopted universal suffrage before many modern countries, and it has stuck to this basic belief in spite of niggles in implementation. Thus this Idea of India is the vision of a modern nation state superimposed on an ancient civilisation.

Sanatan Dharma guarantees world peace; in times of world crisis, all look to Bharat ..!!
Which principles have been given to the world by India for peace in the world?
Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, ii. Mutual non-aggression, iii. Mutual non-interference, iv. Equality and mutual benefit. Here are some key points and ideas to note about World Peace Day, observed on September 21st:

History
– Established in 1981 by a unanimous United Nations resolution
– First observed on September 21, 1982
– Also known as International Day of Peace
Purpose
– To promote peace, tolerance, and understanding among nations and peoples
– To encourage global ceasefire and non-violence
– To foster cooperation and diplomacy
Themes
– Each year, the UN selects a theme to focus efforts, such as:
– Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
– Climate Action
– Human Rights
– Global Citizenship

Observance
– Minute of Silence: observed globally at 12:00 PM (local time)
– Events: concerts, rallies, vigils, and educational programs
– Activities: peace talks, community service, and cultural exchanges
Significance
– Raises awareness about peace and conflict resolution
– Encourages international cooperation and diplomacy
– Empowers individuals to contribute to peace efforts
India’s Geopolitical Relationships (as of 2024):
– Neighborhood First Policy: India continues to strengthen ties with neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh.
– Act East Policy: India deepens relationships with ASEAN nations, Japan, and South Korea to counterbalance China’s influence.
– Middle East and Africa: India nurtures strategic partnerships with the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Israel, while engaging with African nations through the India-Africa Forum Summit.
– Quad and Indo-Pacific: India collaborates with the US, Australia, and Japan to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific region, balancing China’s growing assertiveness.
– Russia and Central Asia: India maintains strong ties with Russia and engages with Central Asian nations to secure energy and strategic interests.
– European Union: India strengthens economic and strategic partnerships with the EU, particularly with Germany, France, and the UK.
In the context of Gurudev’s quotes, India’s geopolitical relationships aim to promote peace, harmony, and cooperation in the region and beyond. By fostering strong relationships and engaging in diplomatic efforts, India can contribute to creating a more peaceful and stable world.
As a peace-loving nation, India has established strong relationships with other countries through various initiatives and diplomatic efforts. Here are some examples:
1. Neighborhood First Policy: India has strengthened ties with neighboring countries like:
– Nepal: Through economic cooperation, connectivity, and cultural exchange.
– Bhutan: By supporting Bhutan’s development and security needs.
– Bangladesh: Through trade, energy cooperation, and border management.
2. Act East Policy: India has deepened relationships with ASEAN nations, Japan, and South Korea through:
– Economic cooperation and trade agreements.
– Strategic partnerships in defense and security.
– Cultural exchange programs and people-to-people connect.
3. Middle East and Africa: India has nurtured strategic partnerships with:
– UAE: Through economic cooperation, energy trade, and security ties.
– Saudi Arabia: By engaging in energy cooperation, trade, and cultural exchange.
– Israel: Through defense cooperation, agriculture, and innovation.
– Africa: By engaging with African nations through the India-Africa Forum Summit.
4. Quad and Indo-Pacific: India collaborates with:
– US: Through strategic partnerships in defense, trade, and technology.
– Australia: By engaging in defense cooperation, trade, and education.
– Japan: Through strategic partnerships in defense, trade, and technology.
5. Russia and Central Asia: India maintains strong ties with:
– Russia: Through strategic partnerships in defense, energy, and trade.
– Central Asian nations: By engaging in energy cooperation, trade, and security.
Some notable initiatives and achievements include:
– International Solar Alliance: India launched the International Solar Alliance to promote renewable energy globally.
– Asia-Africa Growth Corridor: India and Japan jointly launched the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor to promote economic cooperation.
– Indian Ocean Rim Association: India plays a key role in promoting regional cooperation through the Indian Ocean Rim Association.
– UN Peacekeeping: India has contributed significantly to UN peacekeeping missions worldwide.
These efforts demonstrate India’s commitment to peace, cooperation, and diplomacy in its relationships with other nations.
India has maintained a neutral stance in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, while engaging in diplomatic efforts to promote peace and dialogue. Here are some key points:
1. Neutrality: India has avoided taking sides, instead focusing on promoting diplomacy and dialogue.
2. UN Voting: India abstained from UN votes condemning Russia’s actions in Ukraine, while calling for restraint and de-escalation.
3. Diplomatic Efforts: India has engaged in diplomatic efforts, including:
– PM Modi’s phone calls with Putin and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy.
– External Affairs Minister Jaishankar’s meetings with Russian and Ukrainian counterparts.
4. Humanitarian Assistance: India has provided humanitarian aid to Ukraine, including medical supplies and financial assistance.
5. Grain Initiative: India supported the UN-backed Black Sea Grain Initiative, facilitating Ukrainian grain exports.
6. Energy Diplomacy: India has maintained energy ties with Russia, while exploring alternative sources to reduce dependence.
7. Multi-Track Diplomacy: India engages with various stakeholders, including the US, EU, and Turkey, to promote a peaceful resolution.
8. Raisina Dialogue: India hosted the Raisina Dialogue, a global conference, where Ukrainian and Russian representatives engaged in discussions.

Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar’s initiatives:
1. Peace Delegation: Gurudev led a peace delegation to Russia and Ukraine in 2022, meeting with leaders and promoting dialogue.
2. Art of Living Foundation: The foundation has provided humanitarian aid and stress-relief programs in Ukraine.
As I conclude my Thoughts & analysis on International Peace Day 2024, highlighting the significance of PM Narendra Modi’s leadership as a global leader: As the world observes International Peace Day 2024, India’s commitment to peace and diplomacy shines bright. PM Narendra Modi’s leadership has been instrumental in promoting global peace and cooperation. His vision for a harmonious world, where nations work together to address common challenges, resonates with the United Nations’ goals.

Under PM Modi’s leadership,
India has:
– Emerged as a key player in global diplomacy, fostering strong relationships with nations across the globe.
– Demonstrated a steadfast commitment to peace, through initiatives like the International Solar Alliance and the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor.
– Provided humanitarian aid and assistance to countries in need, showcasing India’s compassion and empathy.
– Encouraged dialogue and diplomacy to resolve conflicts, as seen in India’s efforts to promote peace in Ukraine.

Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar’s message resonates with PM Modi’s vision:
“Peace is not just the absence of violence, but the presence of harmony and love. Let us work together to create a world where peace, love, and compassion prevail.”
On International Peace Day 2024, September 21st, the world unites to promote peace, harmony, and diplomacy, echoing the timeless Indian wisdom of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” – “The world is one family” – as nations and individuals strive for a more peaceful and prosperous future.

Mercedes Front Wing Concept: Formula 1 Legal Controversy

September 14, 2024, 5:10 am

The Formula 1 (F1) world has stirred up in the last couple of months with the latest developments of the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team, the ground-breaking front wing design that has stated to revolutionize the aerodynamics of the cars in the sport. What has been spectated is that this innovation might just be potential to give Mercedes a competitive edge, which has driven the spark for the legal controversy for the emotive balance between technological progress and the adherence to the F1 regulations.

Regulatory Scrutiny and Compliance Disputes
The debut of the Mercedes’ new front wing at the 2024 Canadian Grand Prix, made a big-note on the series of aerodynamic modifications that it brought, a feature that aimed at providing a more rebalanced downforce in comparison to the old wings (Straw). However, this innovative design came under the immediate radar of the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) the governing body of motor sports.
The technical regulations of the FIA have always been dubbed as being notoriously stringent, which have placed exceptionally detailed specifications on the material to be used, the dimensions and the prohibition of movable aerodynamic devices in F1 motor-cars. The Technical Regulations of the FIA under Article 3 explicitly define these parameters. Under the sub-section of Article 3, that is 3.2 which talks about the General Principles and Legality Checking, 3.2.1 talks about the Objective of Article 3, which is an important objective of the Regulations in Article 3 is to enable cars to race closely, by ensuring that the aerodynamic performance loss of a car following another car is kept to a minimum (2024 Formula 1 Technical Regulations). Keeping this in mind an initial assessment of the Mercedes’ wing suggested a breach of the boundaries of these rules.

Patent Battles and Intellectual Property Pertinence
The cutting-edge innovation brought out by Mercedes along with regulatory compliance also raises significant intellectual property (IP) disputes as well. Concerns have always surrounded almost every sport where the teams have spent millions on research and development. To protect these crucial and much needed investments patents are generated. One might instinctively assume that patent protection would be the national resource for safeguarding F1 teams’ intellectual property, given that traditionally, a patent grants exclusive rights to inventive and “non-obvious” creations, providing a limited monopoly over their use (Dhamsania).
However, even after Mercedes filing several patents in regard to their new front wing design, many rival teams, especially Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Ferrari are monitoring their situation to spot any kind of patent infringements. And statements have built that in the hypothetical situation of Mercedes infringing on any existing patents then legal charges could be set on them, resulting in modification in the design or ban.

Competitive Dynamics and Potential Protests
The front wing design has inevitably stirred the competitive pot for all F1 teams. It is well aware that even a marginal aerodynamic advantage of any car can result in significant gains on the track. And through reports, many teams have considered lodging formal protests against the Mercedes design with the FIA.
Any protest involves a process of detailed review by the FIA, resulting in hearings before the International Court of Appeal. This has set multiple questioning in relation to whether the legalities of the sport are being followed. Much adversities can follow, with the element of uncertainty in the competition.

Broader Impact for the Future of F1
What the main highlights of front wing issue has been to accentuate the broader tension between innovation and the regulations that limit some of these possibilities. The Mercedes saga has undoubtedly created a challenge for the FIA to assess the thin grey line between innovation and the maintenance of safety and fairness. Most importantly, mid-season directives, could become a reality to address the new developments, with the controversies we have seen so far. With the progress of this season, there is no doubt that all eyes would be on Mercedes and their performance alongside handling the legal challenges that they faced. As the technology evolves, driving will be seen with a new era of aerodynamic innovation which needs to be incorporated in the rules and regulations of the FIA.
The legal interest in this case would definitely be influenced by all the factors enlisted above and much more, setting precedents for the future of moto racing as well. This intersection would absolutely provide competition to all the teams participating in the race, because of the intersection of the critical aspects of technology and law in the Formula 1 races.

Conclusion
To conclude is to say that the front wing dispute of Mercedes is more than just a dispute based on technical regulations. This case threads on many levels, with issues at just the concept design of the new car, to the infringement cases based on IP law that could adversely effect Mercedes this season. On some not the developments in such manner would definitely strengthen other teams to look into such enhancements for healthy and fair competition. But at the same time speaking conversely, if it is held non-compliant then it is natural that all the teams will have to be cautious in the innovations that are done, encouraging a clear framework. At the same time the growth and popularity that Formula 1 has seen in the recent years, has also led to fans, sponsors, and stakeholders, keenly observing the disputes, issues and developments. Hence it is pre-emptive to balance the reputation and regulation of the sport with the developments that are done. At this crucial juncture it is the unique blend of law, technological prowess, and competitive spirit that drives the dynamic sport to the glory it is.

Menace of Online App Scams in Digital Landscape: A Reality Check

September 14, 2024, 5:09 am

A 22-year-old student in Bengaluru allegedly ended his life at his house in HMT Layout, Jalahalli, in 2023 after being harassed by a loan app company. Tejash Nayar, a 6th-semester engineering student, had reportedly borrowed ₹46,000 using a loan app. When he was unable to repay the loan, the company executives allegedly harassed him. Unable to bear the harassment, he ended his life, after leaving behind a note apologising to his parents.

In another case, Shivani Rawat, a 23-year-old college receptionist in Delhi, faced her own ordeal. In June 2023, she applied for a 4,000 Rupees ($48) loan through an app called “Kreditbe”, since her salary was delayed. Her loan request remained pending, with no funds received. Yet, within a week, she began receiving 10-15 calls demanding 9,000 Rupees ($108) for repayment. Kreditbe’s name is a rip-off of a legitimate loan app called KreditBee, a common modus operandi for these illegal loan apps which often choose names similar to reputable brands to create a sense of authenticity.

In both above mentioned cases, Nayar and Rawat had borrowed money from lending apps, which offer loans to users in a convenient, few clicks and without the extensive documentation that a traditional bank loan requires. The money is credited to the borrower’s account within a few minutes, unlike the five to seven days that a bank loan takes for borrowers who meet the high eligibility bar.

These online apps lend small sums to people, charge high interest rates and often resort to torture and incessant mental harassment to make the borrowers pay up. The proliferation of fraudulent loan apps on social media platforms poses a significant risk to borrowers, with instances of outrageous interest rates and mental harassment on the rise. Despite the rapid growth in digital lending, a regulatory vacuum allows scam apps to thrive, exploiting unsuspecting users.

Common Types of Online App Scams
One of the most prevalent scams involves fake loan apps. These apps promise instant loans with minimal documentation but charge exorbitant interest rates and processing fees. They often access the user’s contacts and harass them with constant calls and messages for repayment. Another type of online app scams is that of E-commerce Scams. Fake e-commerce apps lure users with attractive discounts on popular products. Once the payment is made, either the product never arrives, or a substandard item is delivered. In some cases, these apps disappear after collecting payments, leaving users with no recourse.
The scammers use another method such as the Phishing Apps, wherein these apps mimic popular services like banking, social media, or email platforms. They trick users into entering sensitive information, such as login credentials and financial details, which are then used for fraudulent activities. Scammers also target users through gaming and entertainment apps that require in-app purchases. These apps may overcharge users or collect personal data under the guise of providing enhanced gaming experiences. Fake investment apps promise high returns on investments in a short period. Users are lured into investing large sums of money, only to realize that the app is a scam when they try to withdraw their funds.

Modus Operandi
An entire digital ecosystem has shaped up to take on such fraudulent loan-issuing apps. It was also found that borrowers use artificial-intelligence-generated ‘information packs’, which include fake government-issued ID cards (Aadhaar and PAN cards), a text message folder, a contact list and a gallery full of images, to set up their fake profiles on these apps.
The average loan tickets in these apps range between 10,000 Rupees to 25,000 Rupees ($120 to $300) with monthly interest rates of 20 percent to 30 percent and a processing fee that can be as much as 15 percent. Loan app representatives typically begin the recovery process 15 days after approving the loan. However, in many cases, they have been known to start harassing people just four to six days after disbursing the loan, and in Rawat’s case, it was even before she actually received the loan. Apart from the information packs used to create a fake digital trail, another requirement to scam the lending apps is an empty phone where the forged documents (Aadhaar and PAN cards) are loaded. All that this job requires is minimal editing skills on platforms like Photoshop and entry-level computer knowledge to create a database of contacts on an Excel sheet and convert it into the vCard (a Virtual Contact File) format so that Android phones can read them.
The fake digital history is created in such a fool-proof way that the apps are tricked into issuing the loan, which often ranges between Rs 5,000 and Rs 20,000 per week. The repayment of the money is usually sought around the fifth day after the loan is issued. These apps then threaten borrowers with the personal data collected from their phones during the loan application process. Apart from access to borrowers’ contact lists, text messages, call logs and photo galleries, the apps also have access to their Aadhaar and PAN card details. If borrowers default, they are abused and harassed during the recovery process.

The Impact of Online App Scams
The financial impact of these scams is substantial, with victims losing thousands of rupees. Beyond the immediate financial loss, the emotional and psychological toll on victims is severe. Many users feel embarrassed and guilty for falling prey to these scams, which can lead to a loss of trust in digital platforms and financial services. Moreover, these scams can have broader economic implications, as they undermine consumer confidence in online transactions and digital financial services. This distrust can slow down the adoption of digital payment systems and other online services, hindering the progress towards a digital economy.

Combating Online App Scams
Addressing the issue of online app scams requires a multi-faceted approach involving technology, regulation, and user awareness. The government banned 94 lending apps, which included names like BuddyLoan, CashTM, Indiabulls Home Loans, PayMe, Faircent, and RupeeRedee. These apps had been flagged by the RBI for various reasons, and many of them had either Chinese investors or had been involved in harassing borrowers. Some of these apps, including RupeeRedee, have said that they were being impersonated by scammers. Despite the action taken, the government and regulatory bodies need to enforce stringent regulations for app stores and developers. Ensuring that all apps undergo rigorous verification processes before being listed can help reduce the number of fraudulent apps. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other financial regulators should also monitor and act against fake financial apps.
Another step that can be taken is that Advances in technology, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, can help detect and prevent fraudulent apps. App stores can employ these technologies to scan for malicious code and suspicious behavior patterns. Additionally, cybersecurity firms can develop tools to identify and report fraudulent apps in real-time.
Educating users about the risks associated with online apps and how to identify potential scams is crucial. Campaigns through social media, traditional media, and community programs can raise awareness. Users should be encouraged to download apps only from official app stores and to check reviews and ratings before installation.
A collaborative effort between the government, tech companies, financial institutions, and cybersecurity experts is essential. Sharing information about new scams and developing joint strategies can enhance the overall security of the digital ecosystem.

Way Ahead
Online app scams in India represent a significant challenge in the digital age. While technology and regulation play crucial roles in combating these scams, the importance of user awareness and education cannot be overstated. By adopting a comprehensive approach that combines regulation, technology, and public awareness, India can create a safer digital environment for its users and ensure the continued growth and trust in digital services.

Dr.S.Krishnan is an Associate Professor in Seedling School of Law and Governance, Jaipur National University, Jaipur.
Mr. Rajvardhan Sinha is a 4th year student of BALLB in Seedling School of Law and Governance, Jaipur National University, Jaipur.

Hooda, Maken stamp on Congress tickets for Haryana

September 14, 2024, 4:44 am

It is very evident now that the Congress has decided to fully stand by former Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda in Haryana, as the party declared its names, many of them, hours before the last date for nomination ended on Thursday. Out of the 89 out of 90 constituencies, the Congress is contesting in the state where the BJP has been in power for the past 10 years, Hooda’s loyalists were allotted 72 seats, with the 19 going to others. In addition, if the ticket distribution did not lead to a demonstration outside the AICC, as it has happened in the past so far as Haryana is concerned, the credit should go to Ajay Maken, whose strategic and tactful handling of the situation was for all to see. In fact, Ajay had convinced the High Command to release the lists in phases, seven, perhaps, and the last one, where there were contentious seats, only towards the end, so not many got the opportunity to demonstrate at the AICC headquarters. In fact, the disgruntled leaders, also had left for their areas, and many out of them filed their nominations as Independents. The exercise has now commenced to persuade the dissidents to withdraw their names by September 15th, which is the last date of withdrawal and by a coincidence also happens to be Bhupinder Singh Hooda’s birthday. The Congress went about its task methodically and Ajay Maken’s homework on the basis of surveys and the data he collected, was instrumental while taking the final decision. The broad analysis of the Congress list shows that despite fierce infighting till the very end, the Central leadership stood by Hooda.

There are 27 Jats, who have been given the tickets, the same as last time, and other communities have been accommodated, depending on their winnability. The Punjabis, who have a population scattered all over the State, and have a dominant presence in many urban areas have been given six seats, as compared to two last time. This is where Ajay Maken could have played a role, since he is considered even by Rahul Gandhi, as someone, who takes up the Punjabi cause, given that they get ignored in many places, and thus need to have their voices in Legislative Assemblies and Parliament. The difference in ticket distribution this time as compared to 2019 is that there were no quotas which were allotted to various state leaders going by the previous experience, where those who were selected by some of the top functionaries lost the polls. The instructions were to choose from the applicants and only identify those who had winnability on their side. Even though many believe that the Congress has an edge in the State polls, the High Command was not willing to allow any wrong choices to impact the outcome. At the last minutes, at Hooda’s insistence, many experienced leaders got the preference though there were many deserving candidates, who thus got overlooked. For instance, in Bawal (Reserved) which the Congress has not won in 32 years, Dr ML Ranga, was selected though the expectation was that Delhi University lecturer and young aspirant, Dr Teena Karamvir would get the seat. It is obvious that the party may have other plans for the likes of Teena and therefore she got overlooked. In fact, the Congress has fielded 12 women, more than any other party and this could help in the campaign. In deciding the seats, the party has accommodated the sons of Randeep Surjewala, Chaudhury Birendra Singh and some others.

The BJP which was also facing dissensions from those who have been denied tickets is also trying to sort out the differences. The issues across the State concern elementary matters related to job and existence. For instance, the slogan of Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, has Jai Pehalwan added to it, in view of Vinesh Phogat contesting the polls and her colleague, Bajrang Punia joining the Congress. The opposition to the Agniveer scheme, the farmer’s agitation and the wrestlers’ protests, shall be factors in the elections. The BJP is aware of this and has asked Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, the former boss of the Wrestling Federation to not open his mouth and refrain from giving statements that could have an adverse impact on party nominees. Brij Bhushan had stated that it was good that Vinesh Phogat did not win the gold medal at the Olympics, a remark, which was widely condemned, even by many in the BJP.

How could a sports lover speak like this and observe that it was good for the country not to have won the Gold in respect of Vinesh Phogat. In Haryana, it is being seen as pure blasphemy. The break-up of talks between the Congress and the Aam Aadmi Party too, has been welcomed by many in the Congress. However, what is not understandable is the decision of AAP to field nominees on all the seats. The question is that the party has negligible presence in the State from where Arvind Kejriwal hails, and why would it spend so much money and resources, knowing fully well, that the chances of victory of the nominees were very low. It is also a matter of debate whether the presence of the AAP candidates, most of whom would forfeit their deposits perhaps, would harm the Congress or the BJP. The outcome would determine how the people voted in the end. However, like always, Independents shall emerge victorious on some seats while smaller parties too may win a few in the contest which is largely between the Congress and the BJP.

Pioneering Innovation: Breakthrough Technologies Reshaping Urban Transportation

September 13, 2024, 3:22 am

The global urban population has been on an upward trajectory, with cities now accommodating more than half of the world’s population. This trend shows no signs of abating, with projections indicating that urban dwellers will make up 68% of the global population by 2050. This projected increase in urban dwellers represents a significant demographic shift. In Asia alone, over 2 billion people currently reside in urban areas. As cities expand to accommodate this influx of residents, challenges like suburban sprawl become increasingly prevalent. One of the most pressing issues in this regard is ensuring efficient transportation for residents navigating between residential areas, workplaces, commercial districts, and amenities. Effective transportation infrastructure not only facilitates movement but also plays a pivotal role in shaping the geographical and social landscape of cities, promoting pedestrianization, and mitigating congestion. Transportation is a substantial component of municipal expenditure, making it a focal point for innovation and entrepreneurship.

In this context, there are several transformative technologies poised to revolutionize urban mobility, including EVs. They offer a sustainable alternative to traditional combustion engine vehicles, reducing carbon emissions and dependence on hydrocarbon. With improved battery range and faster charging time and charging infrastructure, EVs are becoming more accessible and practical for urban dwellers. Governments and city planners are increasingly incentivizing the adoption of EVs through subsidies, tax breaks, and the development of charging networks, further driving their integration into urban transportation systems.

The rise of EVs and autonomous driving technologies is bringing a new era in urban transportation. Electric fleets contribute to cleaner air and reduced emissions in cities, while autonomous vehicles offer the promise of enhanced safety and efficiency in the movement of people and goods. The adoption of EVs brings significant environmental and economic benefits over traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. With over 70% energy conversion efficiency compared to under 40% in conventional vehicles, EVs boast lower emissions and reduced fuel costs. As battery costs decline and charging infrastructure expands, EVs are becoming increasingly cost-competitive and convenient. Many countries have set ambitious EV adoption targets, with automakers aiming for full electrification by 2030 or sooner. Beyond cars, electric buses, trucks, bikes, and scooters are also gaining traction. There is thus a need to reimagine charging infrastructure to maximize efficiency.

Micro-Mobility Solutions
Micro-mobility options such as e-scooters and bike-sharing programmes offer last-mile connectivity solutions, reducing congestion and promoting healthier lifestyles. The proliferation of electric micro-mobility vehicles marks a seismic shift in transportation, with benefits including reduced emissions and lower maintenance costs.

Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platforms integrate various transport modes through a single-user app, enabling seamless travel planning, booking, payments, and ticketing. These apps offer convenience for users and valuable data insights for cities to optimize transit capacity and operations. As more users transition from private cars to shared transport, MaaS has the potential to transform urban mobility.

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication
V2X communication facilitates data exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians. This also allows for coordinated maneuvers and includes features such as emergency electronic brake lights. Combined with autonomy, V2X connectivity holds immense potential to minimize accidents and bottlenecks. Advanced networks like 5G and protocols like DSRC are crucial for split-second reliable connectivity essential for V2X.

Advanced Navigation Systems
Real-time navigation systems leverage rich data sources, such as real-time traffic information, satellite imagery, and historical route data, sand AI. By doing so, they offer personalized recommendations, alternative routes, and hyperlocal traffic predictions. Innovations like augmented reality and heads-up displays elevate navigation from static platforms to contextual digital assistants, enhancing the overall travel experience.

As transportation technology continues to evolve, there is a need for thoughtful regulation and planning to maximize benefits and minimize disruption across economies, communities, and the workforce. While challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and job displacement persist, the transformative potential of these breakthrough technologies in reshaping urban transportation cannot be understated. The future of urban mobility depends on innovation, adaptation, and preparation as we strive for more connected sustainable and efficient mobility landscape.

Tushar Choudhury is Founder & CEO, Motovolt Mobility.

Channelise the Waqf Bill Campaign Positively

September 13, 2024, 3:19 am

The introduction of the Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 has sparked a nationwide movement within the Muslim community.
It’s crucial that this movement remains authentic and isn’t co-opted by any external forces.
While the increased engagement in the democratic process is encouraging, there is a need for vigilance as some elements with vested interests are influencing the discourse negatively.

The government’s proposal of the Bill has elicited strong reactions, which quite understandably many are attributing to political motivations.
Opposition leaders are actively advocating for the Muslim community, Union Minister Kiren Rijiju on the floor of the house has made a statement that the intention of introducing the Bill is in the interest of the Muslim community.

In this backdrop it is important to approach this situation with a degree of trust and open dialogue. The movement advocating for necessary amendments has, for the most part, been constructive.
However, there are attempts to make the Bill as a communal issue, which is counterproductive.

Some concerning posts are emerging on social media, where certain anti-social elements are attempting to instill fear and create panic among the community.
Claims are being made that the Bill would lead to the government taking control of numerous mosques and graveyards.
Calls to oppose the Bill by changing WhatsApp display pictures such as ‘I reject Waqf Bill’ and social media statuses are becoming prevalent.
Such actions may not serve the best interests of the community and could instead foster a negative perception.

The law already exists since 1913/1923 in the British era and it has been codified in 1954, 1995, and 2013. Primarily the system functions under Central Waqf Council, Waqf Boards in respective states and the Waqf Tribunals.

Syed Akhter Mahmood, former IRS who drafted the 2013 amendment bill believes that there are certain provisions in 2024 Bill which should not be there. But there is also a need to improve the already existing provisions such as maintenance of Waqf property websites.
He says there are many recommendations from the 2013 Bill which have not been implemented and if considered by the JPC could make the implementation easy. There is a need for affirmative action and constructive dialogue.

Efforts to downplay the necessity of the Waqf reforms and present them as an attack on Muslims needs proper application of mind.
The debate over the Bill in Parliament highlighted differences between BJP and Opposition members, resulting in a significant discussion on various provisions.

Despite reassurances from Union Minority Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju, dissent persisted.
To address these concerns, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla established a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) led by MP Jagadambika Pal to review the Bill and solicit public input. MP Jagadambika Pal is a seasoned leader who has vast political experience.
This initiative has garnered substantial feedback from the Muslim community, reflecting a largely positive response. Notable leaders, including Najeeb Jung, Lt. Gen Zameeruddin Shah, and Zafar Mahmood, have contributed their views to the Committee, showcasing constructive engagement.

Additionally, videos encouraging community members to participate by submitting their suggestions to the JPC have been widely circulated and have generally fostered a positive democratic engagement. Despite this, misinformation about the Bill continues to proliferate on social media.

There are definitely many points which need the Government’s reconsideration but outright rejection of the bill without even understanding it properly would be highly inappropriate.
The encouraging news is that many Muslims have individually submitted their suggestions via email to the Committee. However, figures like Zakir Naik have used their platforms to incite strong opposition against the Bill, which should be approached with high caution.
It is essential that the engagement with the government remains direct and free from the influence of vested interests.

To get more clarity the fundamental question the Muslim community must address is whether the current Waqf management system is functioning effectively.
Historically, the system has been plagued by corruption and mismanagement, with significant misuse of Waqf properties.

There are more than 50 Waqf properties which have issues of conflict with the Archeological Survey of India. While the management is being handled by the Waqf Boards, the maintenance and protection has been ASI’s responsibility since 1914.
Understandably the priority of the Waqf Boards had been to generate income for social work from the properties by allowing commercial activities, ASI’s mandate has been the restoration and protection of these properties from any further damage.

These conflicts have remained unresolved since decades. While the Waqf initiated commercial interests are important to take care of the needy, we should not also ignore the fact that these monuments and properties also have a heritage value.
There is a need to take a rational view in consultation with the governments or the courts of law wherever the parties have gone into litigation. Pendency of court cases has been another major issue.

Waqf remains the third-largest landowner in India, after Defence and Railways. If managed properly, this resource could have greatly benefited the community.
Past experiences, such as those with the Shah Bano and Ram Janmabhoomi cases, illustrate the pitfalls of being swayed by rhetoric.

As participants in a democracy, it’s crucial to navigate the Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 with a clear, rational approach. And iron out the differences.
The movement surrounding it should be directed positively to avoid it becoming another missed opportunity.

Advocate for your rights through civil means, but ensure that the movement is not manipulated by external agendas.

Equal Guilt, Unequal Judgement: A Closer Look at Extramarital Affairs

September 13, 2024, 3:09 am

Extramarital affairs, a subject often shrouded in secrecy and stigma, have long been a contentious issue in societies around the world. However, have you ever pondered why these affairs when come to light, the burden of blame disproportionately falls on women? This gendered response raises critical questions about societal attitudes toward fidelity, gender roles, and the double standards that continue to persist.

Extramarital affairs have been present throughout history, often viewed differently across cultures and eras. In ancient civilizations, such as Greece and Rome, extramarital relationships were sometimes accepted or even encouraged, particularly among men. In medieval and Renaissance Europe, extramarital affairs were common among the nobility, often tied to power and politics, though they were generally frowned upon by society.
However, in the long past extramarital affairs were a punishable act. The last person to be hanged for adultery in England was hanged in 1654. In the 1700s and 1800s, the concept of the mistress became popular. But it was always men who could look for pleasures outside marriage as for women it was the biggest crime.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, social attitudes toward extramarital affairs have shifted somewhat, with greater openness about sexuality but continued stigma attached to infidelity. Affairs are often explored in literature, film, and media, reflecting ongoing tensions between societal norms and individual desires. Despite changing attitudes, extramarital affairs remain a complex and controversial topic, deeply intertwined with issues of morality, trust, and relationships.

The Double Standards: Women vs. Men
In many cultures, women are held to higher moral standards than men, especially when it comes to relationships and fidelity. When a woman engages in an extramarital affair, she is often labelled as promiscuous, immoral, or even a home-wrecker. In contrast, men involved in similar situations are frequently excused or their actions minimized, with phrases like “boys will be boys” used to justify their behaviour. This disparity in judgment reflects deeply ingrained patriarchal values that view women as the custodians of family honour and morality, while men are granted more leeway to stray.

Circumstances Leading to Extramarital Affairs
Extramarital affairs do not happen in a vacuum. Various factors can contribute to someone seeking emotional or physical fulfillment outside their marriage.
Let us try to know some common scenarios:
Emotional Disconnect: A lack of emotional intimacy or communication breakdown in a marriage can push individuals to seek solace elsewhere. When partners feel unheard, unappreciated, or disconnected, they may turn to someone who provides the emotional support and understanding they crave.
Sexual Dissatisfaction: A mismatch in sexual desires or unmet sexual needs can lead to infidelity. If one partner feels neglected or unsatisfied, they may look outside the marriage to fulfill their desires.
Monotony and Boredom: The routine nature of long-term relationships can sometimes lead to boredom. When the excitement and novelty wear off, some individuals may seek new experiences and thrills with someone else.
Opportunity and Temptation: Situations that provide easy access to potential partners, such as work environments or social circles, can create opportunities for affairs. Proximity, frequent interactions, and shared experiences can lead to emotional or physical connections that cross the boundaries of marriage.
Revenge or Retaliation: In some cases, infidelity may be an act of revenge. If one partner suspects or discovers that the other has been unfaithful, they may engage in an affair as a way to get back at them.
Personal Issues: Low self-esteem, mid-life crises, or a need for validation can drive individuals to seek affirmation outside their marriage. The attention and affection of someone new can temporarily boost their self-worth.

Bollywood and Extramarital Affairs
The world of Bollywood has often mirrored society’s complex relationship with extramarital affairs, both on and off the screen. Bollywood films have portrayed affairs in various shades, from the tragic to the glamorous, reflecting the intricate dynamics of love, desire, and betrayal.
Movies like “Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna” and “Silsila” have explored the emotional turmoil and societal backlash that accompany extramarital relationships. These films often delve into the motivations behind such affairs, highlighting how circumstances and emotions can lead even the most committed individuals to stray.
However, the influence of Bollywood goes beyond its cinematic portrayals. The industry’s real-life narratives, involving actors and actresses caught in extramarital scandals, often fuel public discourse and reinforce societal judgments. Women in the industry, in particular, face intense scrutiny and are frequently vilified, while their male counterparts often escape with their reputations relatively intact.

The Way Forward: A Call for Equality and Understanding
It is crucial to recognize that extramarital affairs are a complex issue, and the blame should not be disproportionately placed on one gender. Both men and women are equally responsible for their actions, and the reasons behind infidelity are often multifaceted.
To address the root causes of extramarital affairs, it is essential to foster open communication, emotional connection, and mutual respect within marriages. Additionally, society must move towards a more balanced and compassionate approach, recognizing that everyone involved has a role to play in the dynamics of a relationship. Only by challenging the double standards and addressing the underlying issues can we hope to create a more equitable and understanding society.

Bangladesh: Implications for Regional, Global Security

September 12, 2024, 3:21 am

Introduction: The recent resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 5th August 2024 has thrown Bangladesh into chaos, raising concerns that go beyond its borders. The crisis, marked by protests and violence, has been worsened by police brutality, enforced disappearances, and the involvement of groups like Jamaat e Islami. Hasina’s increasingly autocratic tendencies in her later years of leadership drew uncomfortable parallels with her father’s governance. As Bangladesh grapples with these issues, the impact on South Asia and the global community is significant.

Political Unrest and Governance Challenges: The unrest stemmed from discontent over the government’s job reservation policies, particularly a controversial quota system favoring families of veterans from the 1971 war. Despite the Supreme Court’s decision to reduce this quota, protests continued, fuelled by dissatisfaction with Hasina’s administration. This discontent is deeply rooted in Hasina’s undemocratic governance style, which became more pronounced in her final years in office.

Since her second term, Hasina sought to centralize power, suppressing opposition voices and burdening dissenters with legal cases. Her administration cracked down on political opponents, particularly the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its leader, Khaleda Zia, whom Hasina imprisoned on charges widely seen as politically motivated. Hasina’s obsession with the legacy of the 1971 Liberation War permeated her policies, from reserving government jobs for war veterans’ descendants to invoking freedom struggle memories in her rhetoric against political adversaries.

Jamaat’s role in the recent protests has been significant. The group infiltrated the protests using its network of schools and colleges, which served as breeding grounds for its ideology, allowing Jamaat to mobilize young people and transform spontaneous demonstrations into a coordinated movement against Hasina’s government. Jamaat infused the protests with religious and communal elements, consolidating opposition to Hasina along religious lines. Slogans like “Hasina, Bharoter Dalal” (Hasina, India’s stooge) polarized the protests by insinuating that her government favored India and Hindus over Bangladesh’s Muslim population.

The government’s harsh reactions, including banning Jamaat e Islami and its student wing, and the arrests and use of force against protestors, ironically played into Jamaat’s hands. Measures like enforcing curfews, shutting off internet access, and resorting to live ammunition escalated tensions, drawing criticism from both local and global corners. This heavy-handed approach solidified the perception of oppression, triggering increased radicalization among opposition groups and solidifying Jamaat’s position as a leading force against Hasina’s leadership.

Impact on South Asia and Beyond: The unrest in Bangladesh presents a challenge not only for the South Asian region but also for the global community. The recent removal of Sheikh Hasina and the potential emergence of groups like Jamaat e Islami, which has opposed Bangladesh’s core democratic principles, have raised concerns among religious minorities and progressives. Jamaat’s possible involvement in government has created doubts about the resurgence of extremist elements in Bangladesh, especially given Jamaat’s ties to organizations such as Harkat ul Jihad al Islami (HuJI) and Jamaat ul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB).

The thought of Jamaat e Islami regaining power raises concerns about Bangladesh potentially becoming a breeding ground for extremist activities once more. This is especially worrisome for South Asia, as the resurgence of such groups could spark similar movements in neighboring countries, reigniting cross-border terrorism. The spread of these extremist ideologies could disrupt efforts to combat terrorism and impede economic progress, particularly in areas like India’s northeastern region.
The current political unrest in Bangladesh, if not managed, could jeopardize peace and stability in the region and hinder the region’s potential to become a manufacturing powerhouse in Asia. Projects like Padma Bridge Rail Link, the 400KV Dhalkebar-Muzaffarpur tri-country transmission lines, and the transshipment terminals at Chittagong and Mongla ports are essential for enhancing connectivity and trade within South Asia. However, instability within Bangladesh may lead to project delays or cancellations, especially if a new government influenced by Islamist factions proves less cooperative with neighboring partners.

Policy Recommendations for the International Community: The transition of power to an interim government led by Nobel laureate Mohammad Yunus in Bangladesh presents challenges. The top priority now is to disarm the protestors to prevent any formation of armed groups. This disarmament effort should also involve addressing grievances in a sincere manner, akin to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa. It is crucial to have a fair investigation into abuses of power during Hasina’s time in office, conducted openly to avoid the distrust seen in Lebanon after their civil war.
Subsequent free and fair elections are essential for allowing citizens to freely express their political preferences. The interim government needs to stand against anti-secular narratives and safeguard minority rights to prevent a refugee crisis with wide-reaching regional consequences.

The involvement of the international community plays a significant role in reinstating democratic processes. Heavy-handed external interventions often lead to backlash and foster anti-foreign sentiments. Therefore, it is important to handle diplomatic relations with Bangladesh thoughtfully, encouraging open dialogue while avoiding escalating tensions.
Supporting civil society is also crucial. In South Sudan, non-governmental organizations played key roles in maintaining social unity during periods of change. Collaborative efforts among South Asian countries on counterterrorism are vital, especially considering Jamaat e Islami’s involvement in extremist activities. Nations like India and Myanmar must work together with Bangladesh to prevent the kind of fragmented approaches seen in Iraq and Libya that allowed extremism to flourish.

Ensuring economic stability is another key aspect. The current crisis poses a threat to important infrastructure projects like the Padma Bridge Rail Link or ongoing negotiations on river water sharing between Indo-Bangladesh or Myanmar and Bangladesh. International financial institutions should collaborate closely with Bangladesh to ensure the continuity of these projects and promote economic inclusivity as a means to counter extremism.
Lastly, preparations should be made by the global community for a potential refugee crisis by taking lessons from humanitarian efforts seen in Syria. Effective aid delivery in Bangladesh can be ensured through remote management and strong local partnerships.

Conclusion: The current political unrest in Bangladesh fuelled by Sheikh Hasina’s autocratic rule and the resurgence of Islamist factions brings forth risks not only to the country’s stability but also to regional and global security. It is essential for world leaders to closely monitor this situation to prevent further turmoil and encourage a peaceful resolution. Stability in Bangladesh is crucial for maintaining security in South Asia, highlighting the pressing need for humanitarian support for peace and reconciliation.

Author is Assistant Editor, International Studies Quarterly (Sage Publications)

Control and Compliance: Institutional Role of MPVPV in Afghan Islamic Emirate

September 12, 2024, 3:20 am

On July 31, 2024, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) released a 114-page document in its official gazette, containing 35 articles. This document represents the first attempt to codify the directives of the Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue, Prevention of Vice, and the Hearing of Complaints (MPVPV), outlining the responsibilities of its members. Although the directives have been in effect for the past three years, the formal codification received approval from Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada. Despite global conflicts and a waning international interest following the end of a 20-year Western presence, the Taliban’s transition from an insurgent group to a formal state apparatus and the institutionalisation of its policies remain critical developments.

Regulated and Restrained: Implications of the New Law
The new law specifies the expected conduct for Muhtasibs—inspectors or enforcers of MPVPV decrees and for the Afghan public, detailing normative behaviours to be followed. The preface of the law clarifies its purpose: to formalise MPVPV operations and define the responsibilities of those enforcing the decrees. The law is divided into four chapters: the first outlines the conditions and principles for enforcers’ actions against the public; the second describes their duties in various aspects of life; the third specifies punishments for violations; and the final chapter addresses miscellaneous issues, focusing on accountability and feedback mechanisms for enforcers.

The law empowers MPVPV officials to discipline individuals for both offences and failures to adhere to prescribed behaviours. Article 13 mandates that women cover their faces to avoid provoking others and prohibits them from wearing tight or short clothing and from speaking publicly, as these actions are deemed ‘intimate’ and inappropriate for public settings by the Taliban. Women are also restricted from making eye contact with men outside their immediate family and must be accompanied by a mahram when leaving their homes. Article 17 bans the creation and sharing of images via phones or computers, thereby restricting the dissemination of information by media outlets and organizations. This ban complements the Taliban’s ongoing restrictions on media. Additionally, the law enforces bans on music, addresses drug addiction, prohibits interaction between men and women, mandates that men wear beards, bans Western-style haircuts, and prohibits gambling, adultery, requiring attendance at congregational prayers.

On September 7, 2024, it will be three years since the formation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’s interim cabinet. A significant change during this period was the dissolution of the Ministry of Women Affairs and the reestablishment of the MPVPV, now led by Mawlawi Sheikh Mohammad Khalid Hanafi. The MPVPV took over the premises of the former women’s affairs ministry, symbolically and practically dismantling women’s rights and freedoms—an effort actively pursued by the group over the past three years. The Taliban views the MPVPV as vital to maintaining the ‘Islamic system’ and considers its role as more crucial compared to other government ministries. The Ministry has played a central role in regulating social behaviour, operating on the principle that individuals should hold each other accountable by promoting virtue and preventing vice to maintain social order and prevent chaos.

Since the Taliban’s decision to ban girls from secondary schools, the volume of directives aimed at restricting and controlling women’s movements has increased significantly. Initially, some members of the group suggested that everyone’s rights would be protected, creating a narrative of a more modern, relatively moderate Taliban 2.0. However, these assurances were misleading. Despite efforts by some leaders to gain international legitimacy, a power struggle emerged between Akhundzada in Kandahar and the leaders in Kabul. Akhundzada has increasingly centralised power, reversing many of the Taliban’s initial commitments. This internal conflict and the rise of the Kandahar faction led to an expanded role for the MPVPV. By 2022, the Ministry had issued the highest number of directives, positioning itself as the primary regulator of both men’s and women’s actions in Afghanistan.

International Reactions and Internal Dynamics
In a July 2024 report, the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) highlighted the growing role of the MPVPV and the prevailing ‘climate of fear’ in the country. The MPVPV now monitors public conduct and administers punishments, with its extensive role including both policy formulation and enforcement. The Ministry operates through three main components: a civilian sector that interacts with the public and provides guidance, with 10 members stationed in each district; a military sector overseeing military personnel; and a complaints sector. A separate decree issued in November 2023 established a system for registering and resolving grievances against IEA officials.

Red Lines and Analysis
Acting Vice and Virtue Minister Hanafi has declared that the enforcement of virtue laws and the promotion of Sharia, as interpreted by the Emirate, are considered non-negotiable boundaries for the Taliban. They assert that their international interactions are conducted within an ‘Islamic framework.’ Despite promises to address and resolve people’s concerns with leniency, these assurances should be viewed with scepticism. The IEA has refused to cooperate with UNAMA following its criticism. Since its inception, the MPVPV has evolved significantly. Initially understaffed, it struggled to enforce its orders. In the latest Accountability session, the Ministry reported having an authorized workforce of 7,000. However, the MPVPV’s encroachment on other ministries’ responsibilities has faced criticism. For example, the Ministry of Information and Culture has indirectly urged others to avoid interfering in media matters, asserting its role as the sole authority on media affairs. In March, when the MPVPV mandated that men in government wear a cap and maintain a beard, several Taliban members publicly objected, leading to a more flexible enforcement of the order.

During their first rule, the Department for the Enforcement of Islamic Ways and Prevention of Evils established eight articles to regulate social behaviour, similar to current laws. The department was responsible for monitoring behaviour, punishing violations, and employing informers in various sectors, including the army, hospitals, and other ministries. Their mandate also extended to hospitals and included measures against drug addiction, images and idolatry, music, and restrictions on women working outside certain sectors. The MPVPV has become a critical institution in Afghanistan’s complex history, evolving into a key component of the Emirate’s governance. Now, three years into their rule, the Emirate is better positioned to institutionalise its system across the country, despite ongoing challenges. The comprehensive nature of the new law and its detailed regulations—covering even the most mundane aspects of daily life—underscore the Taliban’s intent to exert extensive control over the population.

Sharanpreet Kaur is an Assistant Professor of International Relations at School of Social Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. She is an alumni of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and has a Phd on Indo-US Nuclear and Defence Cooperation. She is the author of the book “India’s Soft Power Diplomacy: Prospects, Challenges and the Way Forward”. She writes on issues related to India’s foreign policy, global political affairs, politics of South Asia, Central Asia and West Asia.

Rahul must understand the importance of being LoP

September 12, 2024, 3:14 am

Now that Rahul Gandhi is the Leader of the Opposition, because of his party winning 99 seats in the Lok Sabha elections, it was expected that he would have understood the gravitas of his position. Being LoP comes with a degree of responsibility, where the least that the leader concerned can do is not run down one’s own country in a manner that a question mark comes on its institutions, its democracy and its society. It is not expected that the LoP will make statements that will be picked up by terrorists to portray him as endorsing their cause of breaking India. It is also not expected that he would speak of the end of democracy in India when his own party has nearly doubled the seat tally in the Lok Sabha and the ruling BJP has not been able to get a majority on its own. If there was truly no democracy and the electoral process was compromised, what stopped the BJP from ensuring that it comfortably crossed the majority mark on its own? Didn’t it occur to the LoP that no political leader from responsible democracies badmouth their opponents when abroad? Such statements are made by only those who seek foreign help to get strictures passed against the incumbent government in their own country.

But then this is Rahul Gandhi and sadly, listening to his rhetoric during his ongoing visit to the US, it’s difficult to associate the word “responsible” with him. Like his every visit abroad, he has scattered too many pearls of wisdom this time as well, but perhaps the strangest of the lot was the comment on the Sikh community not being allowed to follow their religion in an India ruled by the BJP.

“Fight in India is whether a Sikh will be allowed to wear turban and kada, go to gurdwara,” he said. Given that there is not even anecdotal evidence to support such a claim, perhaps the LoP was referring to the time when a pogrom of the Sikh community was committed—allegedly by Congress leaders—just because they were Sikhs, post the assassination of his grandmother by her bodyguards. Then came the Pannun bombshell, where proscribed terrorist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun took Rahul’s statement as an endorsement of the Khalistan cause. “Rahul’s statement on ‘existential threat to Sikhs in India’ is not only bold and pioneering but is also firmly grounded in the factual history of what Sikhs have been facing under successive regimes in India since 1947 and also corroborates SFJ’s stance on the justification for Punjab Independence Referendum to establish Sikh homeland Khalistan.” Pannun also claimed that when Rahul made his comment at a Washington, DC gathering, several “pro Khalistan Sikhs were in attendance”, which is quite a revelation, if true. Surely, Rahul would not have been aware of the presence of these anti India elements in his programme. But his opponents are bound to pick up this claim to allege that Rahul was playing to the gallery when making the outrageous claim of Sikhs being persecuted in India. It appears that no one in Rahul’s team had thought through the consequences of making such statements. No one had taken into consideration the possibility of Rahul playing straight into the hands of anti-India elements with his comments.

Equally baffling is the meeting with US Congresswoman Ilhan Omar. An India-baiter, Ilhan Omar is a known proxy of Pakistan. She had travelled to Pakistan where she was briefed by the Pakistanis against India. She has been lobbying with the US government about labelling India as a country of particular concern on the fake charge of violating minority rights. She has been pushing for Kashmir’s self-determination. Even otherwise, Omar is extremely controversial and has been thrown out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee for her anti-Semitic comments. She is a polarizing and divisive figure even among her co-religionists, many of whom find her views to be too extreme. In fact, she has deep connections with the likes of the radical Muslim Brotherhood. Hence, it’s baffling that the man who wants to be India’s Prime Minister, will meet someone so controversial.

Surely Rahul Gandhi wouldn’t have been trying to change Ilhan Omar’s mind about India, given that he seems to think alike about the so-called minority oppression in India. In fact he had done something similar during one of his UK trips in May 2022, when he met the then Labour party leader, Jeremy Corbyn, who was openly anti India and had a long and virulent record of taking an ant-India stance. Two years later, it was thought that Rahul would have acquired enough sense by now, so as not to meet those who are vehemently opposed to everything India and Indians—if not for anything else but to prevent his critics from cornering him. But it seems Rahul Gandhi has got into the habit of throwing caution to the wind. And now if his rivals attack him politically and accuse him of hurting India’s interests—a serious charge—he only has himself to blame. It is time Rahul Gandhi understood the importance of being LoP. He needs to realise that having measured conversations when abroad—instead of hurling outlandish charges—will help Indians feel more confident about him.

MORAL DECAY IN MODERN SOCIETY: LESSONS FROM RELIGION AND REALITY

September 11, 2024, 4:14 am

It is not just about Ujjain case; many incidents happen in broad daylight – , minors driving two-wheelers, triple riding, acid attacks, molestation etc.

By now, we are all aware of the Ujjain rape case, where a woman was brutally assaulted in broad daylight, and no one dared to intervene. Instead, people were recording this heinous crime on their phones. One of them even uploaded the video on social media. Fortunately, the police have since identified and arrested the individual responsible for recording and sharing the video under various legal provisions.

Today, however, I won’t be discussing the legal aspects of the case, as we’ve been doing that for the past month, especially after the RG Kar Medical College rape case. But that’s not what I am concerned about, instead of that I want to talk a little bit more morality- our moral obligation. In the age of high-tech civilization, somewhere we lost our morality.
Even though we have grown up learning about moral duties in schools, colleges and through religious texts; mostly our actions represent a complete absence of any morbid conscience. We expect others to behave morally toward us, yet we fail to follow those principles ourselves because we don’t want to be held accountable. For some, morality is seen as a weakness; for others, it’s viewed as foolishness.

Why am I raising these questions today?
The Ujjain rape case could have been prevented if passers-by had reacted quickly and stopped the culprit. One intervention could save the victim and restore hope that humanity still exists. It could also act as a strong deterrent against future offenders.
We’ve often seen that in the case of major accidents, whether rail or bus, it is the public who are the first to respond in rescue operations, often before the police or medical teams arrive. Their quick actions have saved countless lives. However, when it comes to accidents involving private vehicles, many of us are hesitant to step in. While some may call the police or an ambulance, they avoid directly helping the victims. Disturbingly, some people even start filming the incident for social media.

What many forget is that such accidents could happen to any of us. In that moment, when we need help, others could just be standing by, recording our suffering. Reports show that many victims die due to blood loss simply because they don’t receive timely medical intervention. This hesitation often stems from the fear of police harassment for getting involved. But believe me, no one will harass you for helping someone in desperate need. The sense of deep and lasting satisfaction you will experience from such an act is far greater than anything a pilgrimage could offer.

So, reflect on your moral obligations. Indeed, we cannot be everywhere to help everyone in need, but we should act promptly when we can. Our quick actions can save lives. In today’s busy world, we often ignore what is happening around us and move ahead. Blaming the government or judiciary is easy, but how many of us truly follow the path of a good Samaritan?

It is not just about the Ujjain case; many incidents happen in broad daylight – collision cases, minors driving two wheelers, triple riding, acid attacks, molestation etc. These are just a few examples of situations that could be controlled and prevented if the public intervened. But we often choose not to. Our fear prevents us from helping others and is what allows others to do more harm to society. We have all forgotten our moral responsibility.

According to Gita, कर्मण्येवािधका रस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन। मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मिण॥ This verse I referenced from the Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 2, Verse 47) which emphasizes performing one›s duty without attachment to the results. Similar concepts appear in both the Quran and the Bible, though expressed differently. In the Quran, the idea of action and its consequences is reflected in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:286), where it is mentioned that each soul will be judged based on its actions, with an emphasis on personal responsibility and trust in Allah›s wisdom. Likewise, Surah Al-Imran (3:139) encourages believers to remain steadfast without losing heart if immediate results are not visible. In the Bible, Colossians 3:23 advises believers to work diligently, not for earthly rewards but to honor God, while Proverbs 16:3 urges individuals to commit their work to the Lord, trusting that their plans will be guided accordingly. While these scriptures differ in their language and religious context, they share the common theme of focusing on righteous action and leaving the outcomes to a higher power, aligning with the principle of detachment from the fruits of one’s labor.

Even though our religions teach us to be good Samaritans, we often fail to follow this guidance. We tend to criticize others when they don›t fulfil their duties, but we rarely ask ourselves why we haven›t done the same. We are all responsible for what’s happening around us. Those who pollute the environment forget that the same pollution will affect their own families, as they share the same world with everyone else. Those who sell adulterated food and medicine forget that their loved ones might consume the very same products. We indeed reap what we sow, and this holds for society as well. These basic principles are what we seem to overlook.

We need to overcome our fears and prioritize our religious and social responsibilities. If we want good for ourselves, we must first do good for others. Most wrongful acts can be prevented. Instead of filming someone’s pain and suffering, film acts of kindness—this will inspire others and spread positivity. Before taking any action, think twice or even thrice about the potential consequences.

Dr. Pyali Chatterjee, HOD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, ICFAI University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

‘Pappu’ No More

September 11, 2024, 4:09 am

Recently during Rahul Gandhi’s visit to the United States, Sam Pitroda reminded the audience that Rahul Gandhi was no longer being referred to as a Pappu by the Opposition. “Rahul Gandhi’s agenda is to address some of the larger issues, he has a vision contrary to what BJP promotes by spending crores and crores of rupees. I must tell you he is not ‘Pappu’, he is highly educated, he is a strategist with deep thinking on any subject,” said Pitroda in Texas. This sparked off some debates back home in India about Rahul’s growth trajectory, with the BJP reminding the Congress in turn that it was not their party that came up with this moniker but instead it came from within the Congress. The BJP is right in that, for it was a (then – and perhaps now as well) disgruntled leader from Punjab who had first referred to Rahul as a sort of Pappu. Well, now the BJP has a new name coined for the newly minted Leader of the Opposition, for it was on the floor of the House that the Prime Minister referred to Rahul as balak buddhi. This created its own confusion with Congress leaders wondering why Pitroda would want to rake up that derogatory reference once again.

It is true that Rahul Gandhi has emerged as a leader in his own right post the 2024 results, or to be more accurate post the Bharat Jodo Yatra that positioned him as a man of the masses, someone who was reaching out to those on the ground. The fact that he did not take off for one of his sabbaticals but in fact went off on another yatra helped a great deal in warding off the Pappu tag. And then of course the results where the Congress may not have crossed the three digit mark, but it improved its tally and stopped the decline of the last two elections prior to 2024. Added to that the fact that the BJP lost seats, and suddenly Rahul’s politics gained momentum. He accepted the post of the Leader of Opposition and did not appoint a nominee as was the speculation. It is ironic that the first cabinet rank post Rahul has held has been when the party is in the opposition, but that is just the way he plays his politics.

All in all, Pitroda is right – no one, not his own party leaders or the opposition can now tag Rahul as a Pappu any more. But his leadership skills are yet to be tested. There is a view that in 2024 the Congress (and other opposition parties) too did well because there was a third term anti-incumbency against the BJP government. So it was a negative vote rather than a positive one. Also it should be noted that despite this, the BJP alone got more seats than the entire INDIA group managed together. So the road ahead is not going to be easy.

Rahul will have to keep at his game and up it with some election wins. So far the next round of assembly polls in Haryana, J&K , Jharkhand and Maharashtra could go against the BJP which will no doubt step up the opposition’s game and incentivise them to keep up the attack on the Treasury Benches during the winter session of Parliament. And as the Leader of Opposition, it will be Rahul Gandhi who will be leading this attack.

All in all, more than shedding the Pappu tag what Rahul Gandhi has done is to make politics more interesting with the Opposition playing a much more active role than it did during the last two terms of the BJP government.

Let us immerse only clay Ganesh idols

September 11, 2024, 3:59 am

As the monsoon departs, the festive season begins across the country. After celebrating Raksha Bandhan and Janmashtami, the nation is now ready to celebrate the ten-day festival of Lord Ganesha, the first deity to be worshipped. Bappa is coming to celebrate with us. The festivities will start on September 7th, with Ganesh Chaturthi, as homes, colonies, societies, and public places prepare to decorate Ganesh pandals. After worshipping Ganpati for ten days, we will bid him farewell on Anant Chaturdashi, on September 17th, with the hope of his return next year. Traditionally, Ganesh idols have been immersed in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs across the country, a practice that continues with great enthusiasm. Markets are filled with Ganesh idols of various sizes, mostly made from Plaster of Paris (POP). However, POP idols are not only time-consuming and expensive to make, but they also do not dissolve in water, posing a significant threat to our water bodies.

In Kota district, our organization, ‘Hum Log,’ is spearheading a campaign to immerse only clay Ganesh idols on Anant Chaturdashi. As part of this initiative, we are organizing workshops in government and private schools in cities and villages. So far, our organization has taught thousands of children how to make clay Ganesh idols. We are also holding competitions for making clay Ganesh idols, where the first, second, and third-place winners receive prizes. Led by our coordinator, eye specialist Dr. Sudhir Gupta, and his colleagues, we visit 4-5 schools daily to teach students how to make clay Ganesh idols. To inspire interest among students, we participate in children’s assemblies and conduct workshops where they practice making clay idols. We also hold general knowledge competitions for the students, with every participant receiving a prize in addition to the three main awards. Dr. Gupta notes that the message of making clay Ganesh idols is reaching homes through the children. When children tell their families about the benefits of clay idols, they are more likely to choose clay over POP. We have already started distributing around 1,000 clay Ganesh idols made by the children to the public. In Rajasthan, many districts, like Baran, have banned the immersion of POP idols. Environmentalist Raju Gupta suggests that artificial ponds can be created at designated locations to prevent water contamination during idol immersion.

Our team members, including Suman Mathasinhla, Advocate Beta Swami, Saurabh, Ravindra Singh Tomar, and Jai Laxwani, are raising awareness daily among students, parents, and teachers about the harmful effects of POP idols. We are hopeful that our efforts will yield positive results. They emphasize that while Lord Ganpati is revered by all, we should celebrate Ganesh Utsav with great enthusiasm but also take care not to pollute our water bodies. This campaign has the potential to bring about significant social change.
POP Idols Do Not Dissolve in Water, Pose a Threat to Aquatic Life, and Invite Diseases:

Experts
Subject matter expert Dr. Sudhir Gupta explains that when POP idols are immersed in water, they create turbidity, which prevents sunlight from reaching aquatic plants, disrupting photosynthesis and reducing oxygen levels. Aquatic organisms, responsible for keeping the water clean, may die due to oxygen deficiency. POP idols remain in the water for a long time and do not dissolve, increasing the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), which is dangerous for aquatic life. POP idols can also lead to cancer and mental health issues. With drinking water becoming increasingly scarce, only 6% of our natural water sources remain potable. If we continue to pollute these sources, the future could be dire.

Environmental expert Dr. Prahlad Dubey adds that POP idols take 7-8 days to dissolve after immersion, during which time the water turns milky and the increased turbidity adversely affects aquatic plants and animals. The inability of sunlight to penetrate the water means aquatic plants stop producing oxygen, and POP particles may reach the lungs of aquatic creatures, leading to their death. Additionally, the chemical colors used in these idols dissolve in water, introducing harmful elements like chromium, magnesium, and zinc into our drinking water, which can cause cancer, memory loss, and impaired decision-making. Awareness is the only way to prevent these hazards. We must stop the immersion of POP idols in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs by using boats to collect them.

No other Country has so many Festivals

September 10, 2024, 2:24 am

There is a scientific basis behind every festival in India, and all of them carry significant message and the power to bring people closer.

I recently observed the Paryushan Parva and now find myself immersed in the joy of Ganeshotsav. Would I have experienced this happiness if I had been born in any other country? This question fills me with pride, as it makes me realise how fortunate I am to be born as an Indian. My culture fills me with a sense of pride.

I have had the opportunity to visit numerous countries across the world, and I have friends in many of them, belonging to different cultures, religions and beliefs. They often ask me one question: “How many festivals are celebrated in India, and why do Indians celebrate so many of them with so much love and enthusiasm?” I tell them that it is difficult to keep count of all the festivals we celebrate. Some are observed on a national level while others are purely local. But one thing is certain that our festivals are deeply connected to nature.

Each one of them stands the test of science. On the last day of the Paryushan Parva, during Samvatsari, I performed Pratikraman, a ritual where I sought forgiveness from 84 lakh living organisms for any harm caused to them, knowingly or unknowingly. If I had harboured ill thoughts or spoken harshly, I bowed and folded my hands to seek forgiveness — not only from my elders but also from those younger than me, including my colleagues and even those who clean my house. Our culture teaches us that there is nothing greater than the ability to seek and offer forgiveness. Lord Mahavir gave us the mantra of forgiveness, non-violence, non-possession and truthfulness, emphasising that the world would become a symbol of humanity if everyone followed these principles. Lord Mahavir introduced the idea of ‘Anekantavada’ — the notion that there are multiple perspectives to everything. You may be right from your point of view and I may be right from mine. In scientific terms, this is akin to a three-dimensional approach. If everyone adopts this thinking, all conflicts could be resolved. Lord Buddha also spoke of awakening consciousness. Imagine if we all became more conscious, how much more rational and wise our society would become!

I am currently basking in the joy of Ganeshotsav, and one beautiful message has caught my attention:

Hey riddhi-siddhi ke data,
Prem se bhari hui aankh dena,
Shraddha se jhuka hua sir dena,
Sahyog karte hue haath dena,
Sanmarg par chalte hue paon dena,
Sumiran karta hua mann dena,
Satya se judi hui jivha dena,
Hey ishwar,
Apne sabhi bhakton ko apni,
Kripadrishti se nihaal kar dena.

The beauty of our culture is that we pray not only for ourselves but for everyone. Such broad thinking is a gift of our culture, which sees life in every animate and inanimate being. We not only worship animals and birds but also revere stones because we believe that everything in the universe is worthy of respect. For us, the five elements of life — earth, sky, air, water and fire — are all sacred.

As Ganeshotsav is in full swing, I recall an incident. A foreigner friend of mine happened to visit Mumbai during the festival. He was astonished by the enthusiasm and could not understand the depiction of Lord Ganesh, with a human body and an elephant’s head. “Is this even possible?” he asked. I narrated the mythological story behind Lord Ganesh’s head and explained that in our culture, this symbolises the equal respect we give to all living beings. That’s why we also worship the mouse, which is Lord Ganesh’s ‘vahana’ (vehicle)! I told him stories about Holi, Dussehra and Diwali festivals. I shared the personality of Ravan, how he was a learned and powerful individual, even feared by gods. Yet, his arrogance made him an evil person. In Indian culture, Ravan ‘dahan’ (burning) represents the destruction of evil within ourselves. I shared stories from festivals like Pola, Lohri and Bihu. As a result, my foreigner friend was so impressed that he folded his hands in reverence. He acknowledged that Indian festivals carry messages of respect for nature, human welfare and deep-rooted humanity. We have a flowing stream of harmony. As a child, I used to dress as a lion and dance before Tazia during Muharram. Christmas filled our home with joy, and to this day, we celebrate Christmas with great enthusiasm. This is the strength of our culture.

It fills me with pride when foreigners acknowledge the greatness of our culture, but it also saddens me when I meet Indians who, swayed by the winds of modernity, feel that our traditions are backward. These individuals are not introducing their children to our culture properly. They need to understand that a society distanced from its culture weakens the very foundation of its existence. As the festive season begins, I urge you all to embrace the spirit of festivals. Festivals bring people closer, unite them and provide economic opportunities too for everyone. Turn the celebration of festivals into a celebration of life and you will feel energised! That is the true purpose of festivals.

The author is the chairman, Editorial Board of Lokmat Media and former member of Rajya Sabha.