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Delhi AQI ‘Very Poor’, GRAP IV Called Off, Construction Still Banned & Schools Hybrid

December 24, 2024, 9:35 pm

The Central government’s air quality monitoring panel on Tuesday revoked Stage IV (‘Severe+’) measures under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) following an improvement in air quality.

However, actions under Stages I, II, and III will remain in force to prevent any further deterioration of air quality, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) announced on December 24.
The decision comes after Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) improved to 369 (‘Very Poor’) at 4 PM on December 24, down from a peak of 401 (‘Severe’) recorded on December 16.

The improvement in air quality was attributed to favourable meteorological conditions, including improved wind speed, according to forecasts from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM).

In line with the Supreme Court’s directives, Stage IV measures were initially invoked when AQI levels breached the 400 mark on December 16.

The measures were aimed at curbing severe pollution levels and included restrictions on industrial activities, construction, and entry of non-essential trucks into Delhi.

The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a set of emergency measures implemented in Delhi-NCR to tackle air pollution based on the severity of the Air Quality Index (AQI).

The centre’s air quality panel stressed the importance of continued vigilance. “Actions under Stage I, II, and III of the revised GRAP shall remain invoked and be implemented, monitored, and reviewed by all the agencies concerned in the entire NCR to ensure that the AQI levels do not slip further,” the commission said in its order.

Citizens were also urged to adhere to guidelines under Stage III. “Keeping in view the winter season, when weather conditions may not always be favourable, and to ensure that AQI levels do not slip further, citizens are requested to strictly adhere to the Citizen Charter under GRAP-III,” the commission added.

The CAQM Sub-Committee on GRAP assured that it would continue to monitor air quality and issue appropriate directives as necessary, stating, “The Sub-Committee shall be keeping a close watch on the air quality scenario and review the situation from time to time for further appropriate decisions depending upon the air quality in Delhi and forecasts made by IMD/IITM.”

Delhi Air Pollution: AQI Returns to ‘Severe’ as Cold Wave Continues

December 22, 2024, 8:52 am

Delhi’s air quality has deteriorated again, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) slipping back into the ‘severe’ category at 427 by 7 am on Sunday, after briefly improving to ‘very poor.’ The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) classifies an AQI between 401 and 450 as ‘severe,’ with PM2.5 being the primary pollutant.

In addition to the ongoing cold wave, thick smog covered the national capital on Sunday morning. The minimum temperature at 7 am was recorded at 8°C, and it is expected to remain around that mark for the day. The maximum temperature is predicted to reach 24°C.

With temperatures dropping, people without homes were seen seeking shelter in camps and tents set up across the city. The air quality has been steadily worsening since last Sunday, exacerbated by reduced wind speeds, marking the worst air quality in Delhi since December 2021.

The 24-hour average AQI on Saturday was recorded at 370, categorized as ‘very poor.’ Both Thursday and Friday saw AQI levels surpass 400, reaching the ‘severe’ range.

Under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Stage 3, restrictions are in place due to the ‘severe’ AQI levels. Health experts are advising people, especially senior citizens, children, and those with respiratory conditions, to stay indoors and avoid unnecessary outdoor activities.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts light rain or drizzle for Monday, December 23, with temperatures ranging from 7°C to 22°C. For Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, dense fog and moderate fog are expected, with minimum temperatures hovering around 8°C.

GRAP-III For Delhi-NCR Air Pollution: New Regulations for Schools, Transportation, And Indoor Heating Imposed

December 16, 2024, 4:44 pm

On Monday the air quality watchdog CQAM ordered the Delhi government to implement Graded Response Action Plan III (GRAP-III) in the city as the sir has been between ‘poor’ to ‘severe’ since November here.

The Commission for Air Quality Management (CQAM) has been rapping the Delhi government to implement different measures to control the crisis and today GRAP-III restrictions has been reimposed in the entire National Capital Region amid “highly unfavourable meteorological conditions,” the CQAM said.

The CAQM, responsible for protecting and improving the quality of air in NCR and adjoining areas, introduced a revised plan to combat winter pollution on December 13.

Delhi continues to grapple with air pollution, as air quality indices remain in the ‘very poor’ category, posing significant health risks to residents. The air quality is not expected to improve soon.

“Considering the highly unfavourable meteorological conditions including calm winds and very low mixing height leading the AQI of Delhi into the higher end of the VERY POOR Category, the CAQM Sub-Committee on GRAP decides to impose Stage-III of the revised GRAP schedule issued on 13.12.2024 in the entire NCR, with immediate effect,” the CAQM said.

Under the revised Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), stricter measures have been introduced to tackle air pollution in Delhi-NCR.

Schools and colleges in Delhi, Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Budh Nagar will shift to hybrid classes for students up to Class V during Stage III, allowing parents and students to opt for online learning where available.

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Inter-state buses from NCR states–except electric, CNG, or BS-VI diesel vehicles–will be barred from entering Delhi.

Resident welfare associations will now need to provide electric heaters for staff like sanitation workers and security personnel to curb the open burning of biomass or waste during winter.

Stage III measures have also been expanded. Persons with disabilities will be exempt from restrictions on BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel vehicles in Delhi and nearby districts such as Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Budh Nagar.

The Delhi government must ban diesel medium goods vehicles (MGVs) with BS-IV or older standards, except those transporting essential goods, within city limits.

Similarly, non-essential diesel light commercial vehicles (LCVs) of BS-IV or older standards registered outside Delhi will be restricted, a move previously limited to BS-III vehicles.

The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a set of emergency measures implemented in Delhi-NCR to combat air pollution based on the severity of air quality.

German Envoy Highlights Air Pollution Concerns In Delhi, Calls For Collective Action

November 26, 2024, 12:53 am

German Ambassador Philipp Ackermann recently expressed grave concerns about Delhi’s worsening air pollution. Speaking at an event at the German Embassy marking 50 years of Indo-German science and technology cooperation, he highlighted the severe impact on individuals who spend significant time outdoors.

“Air quality in Delhi is unacceptable, especially for street vendors and rickshaw pullers who bear the brunt of exposure,” Ackermann said.

Efforts to Tackle Pollution

Ackermann acknowledged that Delhi’s air pollution stems from multiple sources, including garbage burning, thermal power plants, and stubble burning. He stressed the importance of collective efforts to address this complex issue, stating that the Indian government is actively working on solutions.

In cities like Nagpur and Surat, Germany is collaborating with local municipal administrations to build capacity and develop strategies to improve air quality.

Strengthening Indo-German Green Partnerships

Highlighting the Indo-German partnership for green and sustainable development, Ackermann shared insights into collaborative efforts aimed at reducing carbon emissions.

“We spend over a billion Euros annually on joint projects in India, focusing on renewables and innovative solutions to reduce emissions,” he said.

The event also celebrated 50 years of scientific cooperation between the two nations, showcasing significant achievements and ongoing commitments to sustainability.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Role in Strengthening Ties

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s recent visit to India underscored the deepening ties between the two nations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Scholz discussed collaborations in defense, security, and sustainable development.

Scholz lauded India as an anchor of peace and stability in South Asia, reiterating Germany’s support for New Delhi’s stand on regional peace.

Supreme Court Upholds Strict Anti-Pollution Norms, Seeks Review for Students’ Welfare

November 25, 2024, 4:33 pm

In a significant ruling on the air pollution crisis gripping Delhi, the Supreme Court on Monday refused to relax the stringent measures under Stage IV of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). These measures, aimed at tackling severe air quality levels, include restrictions on non-essential industrial activities and construction work. However, the Court urged the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) to reconsider specific norms, citing their impact on vulnerable groups, particularly students.

Balancing Health and Education Needs

Highlighting concerns over the welfare of children, the Supreme Court observed that a large number of students have been adversely affected by GRAP-IV measures. Many are unable to access mid-day meals due to school closures, struggle with online classes, and lack the resources for air purifiers at home. These hardships prompted the Court to direct CAQM to evaluate whether adjustments could be made without compromising efforts to curb pollution levels.

A Critical Call Amid a Crisis

Delhi’s air quality has plummeted to hazardous levels, triggering emergency protocols under GRAP-IV. The strict curbs are essential to mitigate pollution from construction, industries, and vehicular emissions, but their socioeconomic impact has been far-reaching. The Court’s directive aims to strike a balance between immediate health concerns and the educational rights of children.

CAQM to Review, But Measures Stay

While the Supreme Court stopped short of easing restrictions, its directive to CAQM underscores the importance of addressing the unintended consequences of anti-pollution measures. The commission has been tasked with finding practical solutions that safeguard public health while ensuring access to essential services for students.

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The case highlights the challenges of managing a public health emergency in a densely populated city like Delhi, where air pollution remains a recurring threat. As CAQM begins its review, the city waits to see whether relief for students can be achieved without derailing pollution control efforts.

Delhi Air Pollution: GRAP Strictly Enforced

November 22, 2024, 9:16 pm

Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai has written to Chief Secretary Dharmendra, emphasizing the urgent need for strict enforcement of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) to combat the deteriorating air quality in the national capital. He called for coordinated efforts across all departments to implement the Winter Action Plan-2024 effectively.

In his letter, Rai stated, “We must ensure strict implementation of GRAP guidelines, and all departments must rigorously implement the measures outlined under GRAP without exception.” He highlighted the necessity of restricting vehicular emissions, controlling construction dust, curbing industrial pollution, and executing all actions proposed during meetings for the Winter Action Plan-2024.

Rai directed all departments to submit daily reports on actions taken and progress made in implementing GRAP, noting that this data is critical for monitoring the effectiveness of measures and identifying areas requiring additional focus.

The minister also recommended involving various groups, such as market associations, residents, and citizen groups, in pollution control efforts. He urged departments to engage in spreading awareness among citizens through Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), trade and market associations, citizen groups, and NGOs regarding their role in reducing pollution, including limiting vehicle use, avoiding open burning of materials, and adopting eco-friendly practices.

Emphasizing enforcement, Rai called for intensified mechanisms and strict penalties for violators of pollution control norms, including unauthorized construction and demolition activities and open burning of waste.

As of 7 am on Friday, Delhi’s air quality remained in the ‘very poor’ category, with an overall Air Quality Index (AQI) of 371, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Several areas recorded even worse air quality levels:

Chandni Chowk: AQI 359
IGI Airport (T3): AQI 357
ITO: AQI 344
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium: AQI 342
RK Puram: AQI 372
Okhla Phase 2: AQI 374
Patparganj: AQI 379
Sonia Vihar: AQI 400
Aya Nagar: AQI 359

Some locations fell into the ‘severe’ category:

Anand Vihar: AQI 410
Bawana: AQI 411
Mundka: AQI 402
Wazirpur: AQI 413
The Supreme Court has expressed dissatisfaction with the enforcement of GRAP Stage IV restrictions, particularly concerning the entry of trucks carrying non-essential goods into Delhi. The court has appointed 13 lawyers as commissioners to inspect entry points and verify compliance.

Additionally, the Supreme Court is set to consider on November 25 whether to ease GRAP-4 restrictions in Delhi-NCR, given the recent drop in AQI levels. The court has expressed displeasure over the poor implementation of GRAP-4 restrictions and emphasized the need for strict enforcement.

These developments underscore the critical need for coordinated and stringent measures to address Delhi’s persistent air pollution crisis.

Delhi Air Pollution: Supreme Court Flags GRAP-4 Lapses, Seeks Report on Truck Entry

November 22, 2024, 3:38 pm

The Supreme Court has raised concerns over the implementation of Stage 4 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR, which is triggered when the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaches the ‘severe-plus’ category. During a hearing on Friday, the Court questioned whether heavy vehicles had been effectively restricted from entering the city, as mandated under GRAP-4.

Court Orders Verification of Truck Ban Enforcement

The apex court criticized the Delhi government and police for their failure to enforce GRAP-4 measures and sought CCTV footage from all 13 major entry points into the city. To ensure compliance, it appointed 13 lawyers to inspect these points and submit reports by Monday, November 25, on whether non-essential heavy vehicles and light commercial vehicles (LCVs) registered outside Delhi are being permitted entry.

The Court also proposed that the Centre deploy police personnel at these checkpoints and emphasized the need for strict adherence to GRAP-4 until air quality significantly improves.

Key Observations and Actions

GRAP-4 Restrictions: The Court reiterated its directive that restrictions must continue until the AQI drops below 450. The AQI had surged to 485 (‘severe-plus’) on Monday morning, according to data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Constitutional Duty: The bench, comprising Justices Abhay S. Oka and Augustine George Masih, underscored the constitutional obligation of the Centre and state governments to ensure a pollution-free environment for citizens.
CAQM Criticism: The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) faced criticism for its delayed implementation of GRAP-3 and GRAP-4 measures. The Court deemed this approach “wrong,” emphasizing that preventive actions must begin as soon as air quality shows signs of worsening, without waiting for further deterioration.

GRAP Overview

The Graded Response Action Plan classifies air quality into four stages:

Stage I: ‘Poor’ (AQI 201–300)
Stage II: ‘Very Poor’ (AQI 301–400)
Stage III: ‘Severe’ (AQI 401–450)
Stage IV: ‘Severe Plus’ (AQI >450)

Current Status and Next Steps

The Supreme Court will review compliance reports and updates from the appointed lawyers and government agencies in its next hearing on Monday. Until then, GRAP-4 measures, including the ban on non-essential trucks and construction at public projects, will remain in place.

This intervention comes amid mounting public health concerns as Delhi battles not only dense smog but also toxic foam in the Yamuna River, reflecting the city’s ongoing environmental challenges.

Delhi CM Atishi Inspects New Driverless Metro Coaches, Raises Alarm on Severe Air Pollution

November 19, 2024, 4:03 pm

Delhi Chief Minister Atishi on Tuesday inspected the new metro coaches of the Phase-4 route at the Mukundpur depot near Majlis Park. She highlighted that the six-car train will be part of the Magenta Line and remains the only metro system in India to operate driverless trains while maintaining high safety standards.

The Chief Minister also commended the rapid expansion of the Delhi Metro over the past decade, which has extended its reach to all corners of the city.

Atishi said, “Today we are at the Delhi Metro depot in Mukundpur, and it is a matter of great pride that the trains of Phase Four Metro, which is an ambitious expansion of 186 km of Metro, have started coming on the ground. So this is the first train at the Mukundpur depot. This is a six-car train, and it will be used in the Magenta Line. So right now, all of the testing is taking place.”

“It is a driverless train. Even now, Delhi Metro is the only metro in the whole country in which driverless trains are running, whose safety is very high, and I am happy that Delhi Metro has been expanding at a very fast pace for the last 10 years. It has reached every corner of Delhi,” Atishi added.

Delhi Air Pollution at Hazardous Levels

Atishi also addressed the deteriorating air quality in Delhi, saying, “I would like to request that in the rest of the states of NCR, the truth is that GRAP is not implemented at all. The rest of the states in NCR, whether it is Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, should also implement GRAP. Secondly, my request to the central government is that until the central government comes forward and does not stop stubble burning in the rest of the states, then there will be no solution to the fog that is looming over the entire North India.”

The air quality in Delhi remained in the ‘severe plus’ category for the second consecutive day on Tuesday morning. Smog shrouded the city, reducing visibility and worsening air pollution to an alarmingly high AQI.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the national capital recorded an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 488 as of 8 am, categorizing it as ‘severe plus.’ At such levels, the air is considered hazardous, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart conditions.

Health and climate experts have termed the situation a “public health emergency” and are calling for phasing out fossil fuels and adopting clean energy solutions.

The capital’s air quality index (AQI) has remained in the “severe” category for days, with PM2.5 concentrations surging past 400 µg/m³—far exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) safe limit of 15 µg/m³ for 24-hour exposure.

Measures Taken Under GRAP

In response, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has activated Stage-IV of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). Measures under this stage include restrictions such as a ban on truck entry and halting public construction projects.

However, health experts argue that these are temporary fixes for a deeper problem requiring systemic solutions. Experts have attributed the rise in air pollution to reduced temperatures causing atmospheric stability, which restricts pollutant dispersion.

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Additionally, a surge in fire events over the past two days has contributed significantly to the spike in PM pollution, further exacerbating Delhi’s air quality crisis.

Delhi Suspends Physical Classes, Implements GRAP-4 Amid ‘Severe+’ Air Pollution

November 17, 2024, 11:02 pm

Delhi Chief Minister Atishi announced on Sunday that physical classes will be suspended for all students except those in Classes 10 and 12. The decision follows the implementation of Stage-IV restrictions under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) across Delhi-NCR, effective Monday.

In a post on X, CM Atishi wrote, “With the imposition of GRAP-4 from tmrw, physical classes shall be discontinued for all students, apart from Class 10 and 12. All schools will hold online classes, until further orders.”

Meeting to Ensure Implementation of GRAP-IV

Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai will convene a meeting with the Heads of Departments (HoDs) of all relevant agencies on Monday at 12 noon at the Delhi Secretariat. This meeting aims to ensure the effective implementation of GRAP-IV measures, his office stated.

Alarming Air Quality Triggers Action

The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) activated Stage-IV of GRAP after Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) surged to 441 by 4 PM on Sunday and further worsened to 457 by 7 PM, as reported by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This “Severe+” category prompted an emergency meeting of the GRAP Sub-Committee.

“Keeping in view the prevailing trend of deteriorating air quality in NCR, and in an effort to prevent further deterioration, the Sub-Committee today has taken the call to invoke all actions as envisaged under Stage-IV of GRAP,” the CAQM said in a statement.

GRAP Classification and Measures

The GRAP framework categorizes air quality into four stages:

Stage I – Poor (AQI 201-300)
Stage II – Very Poor (AQI 301-400)
Stage III – Severe (AQI 401-450)
Stage IV – Severe+ (AQI > 450)

Stage-IV measures include an 8-point action plan to mitigate the pollution crisis:

Ban on Truck Entry: Non-essential trucks are barred from entering Delhi, except those carrying essential goods or services. LNG/CNG/electric and BS-VI diesel trucks are exempted.
Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) Restrictions: LCVs registered outside Delhi, except those powered by electric, CNG, or BS-VI diesel engines, are prohibited.
Diesel Vehicle Ban: Delhi-registered BS-IV and below diesel-operated medium and heavy goods vehicles are restricted, except those carrying essential services.
Construction Ban: A ban on all construction and demolition activities extends to public infrastructure projects like highways, roads, flyovers, and power lines.

Additional Public Measures

State governments and the Government of Delhi (GNCTD) have been advised to:

Shift physical classes for grades VI-IX and XI to online mode.
Limit office attendance to 50% and implement work-from-home for remaining staff.
Consider emergency measures, such as closing colleges, shutting non-essential commercial activities, and adopting an odd-even vehicle policy.
The CAQM also urged citizens to adhere to these measures, particularly advising vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and those with chronic health conditions, to stay indoors as much as possible.

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Ongoing Monitoring

The CAQM emphasized it will closely monitor the air quality situation and review measures as needed to ensure public safety and mitigate the pollution crisis.

Delhi’s Air Quality ‘Severe’; GRAP 3 Imposed, Private Cars Banned, Schools Go Online

November 15, 2024, 8:50 am

Delhi is once again engulfed in heavy smog, with the air quality remaining in the “severe” category for the third consecutive day. According to reports from IQAir, a Swiss air quality monitoring company, Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) has reached 498, making it the second most polluted city globally, just behind Lahore, Pakistan, which recorded an AQI of 770 at 7 AM.

Primary School Go Online

With no relief in sight, Delhi’s Chief Minister Atishi announced on X that all primary schools in the city will switch to online classes. She stated that these online sessions for primary school students will continue until further directions.

Due to rising pollution levels, all primary schools in Delhi will be shifting to online classes, until further directions.

— Atishi (@AtishiAAP) November 14, 2024

Major Polluted Areas in Delhi

The Central Pollution Control Board’s Sameer App highlighted the most polluted areas in Delhi this morning. The top five were:

Jahangirpuri: AQI 458
Bawana: AQI 455
Wazirpur: AQI 455
Rohini: AQI 452
Punjabi Bagh: AQI 443

Visibility in areas like Palam and Safdarjung was severely reduced, with reports of 500m and 400m visibility, respectively.

Air Quality Worsens Further

Delhi’s air quality deteriorated on Thursday, moving deeper into the “severe” category. The average AQI increased from 418 the previous day to 424. In response, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) decided to implement Stage III of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). This stricter level of restrictions, effective from 8 AM Friday, aims to curb further deterioration of air quality.

Restrictions Under Stage III of GRAP

Stage III of the GRAP imposes several restrictions:

Bans on construction and demolition activities (C&D).
Restrictions on the use of certain vehicles, including BS-3 petrol and BS-4 diesel cars, and BS-4 diesel buses from NCR states.
Enhancements in public transportation services.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) will operate 20 additional trips to support the increased demand, adding to the 40 extra trips already running under the previous stage of GRAP.

Stubble Burning Contributes to Pollution

Stubble burning continues to be a major contributor to Delhi’s pollution. According to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology’s (IITM) Decision Support System, the share of stubble burning in Delhi’s air quality increased to 30% on Wednesday, up from 17% on Tuesday.

The air quality is expected to remain in the “very poor” category from November 15 to 17, with no immediate relief in sight. The forecast predicts the conditions will remain unfavourable for the dispersion of pollutants due to heavy fog and adverse meteorological conditions.

The Impact of Meteorological Conditions

The CAQM reported that meteorological factors, including heavy fog and unfavourable weather conditions, are preventing the dispersion of pollutants, leading to stagnant air quality. The AQI remained around 425 on Thursday, and authorities predict it will stay in the “very poor” category in the coming days. These conditions are prevalent not only in Delhi but also in neighbouring regions such as Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

PM2.5 and Other Pollutants

On Thursday, PM2.5 was the dominant pollutant in Delhi’s air, with high moisture levels supporting the accumulation of these harmful particles. By noon, the AQI reached 424, with most areas under the “severe” category.

Transport emerged as the biggest contributor to local emissions, accounting for 12.24% of PM2.5 levels. Other contributors include:

Residential sector: 3.12%
Pollution from neighbouring cities like Sonipat, Panipat, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Budh Nagar: 3.5% each
Industrial emissions: 2.7%

Pollution Levels Exceed Safe Limits

According to the Central Pollution Control Board, the PM2.5 levels in the city ranged from 209.5 to 290.5 micrograms per cubic meter, which is significantly higher than the national standard of 60 units and the WHO’s limit of 15 units. Similarly, PM10 levels oscillated between 347.8 and 439.8 micrograms per cubic meter, far above the national and WHO limits of 100 units and 45 units, respectively.

Delhi’s air quality continues to worsen, with high levels of pollution severely affecting residents. The implementation of Stage III restrictions under GRAP is aimed at reducing the impact, but experts warn that the city may remain in the “very poor” air quality category for several days.

Delhi Air Pollution: AQI ‘Severe’ Again; Thick Smog Reduces Visibility, Possible School Closures Loom

November 14, 2024, 8:51 am

Delhi residents woke up to hazardous air quality on Thursday, November 14, as the Air Quality Index (AQI) in the Anand Vihar area reached 473 (‘severe plus’) early in the morning. This comes after Delhi recorded the country’s worst AQI the previous day, with dense smog covering the NCR and significantly reducing visibility. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) attributed the sharp AQI increase to an “unprecedentedly dense” fog, describing it as an “episodic event.”

On Wednesday, the AQI averaged 418 by 4 p.m., deteriorating further to 454 (‘severe plus’) by 9 p.m. The areas of Aya Nagar, Ashok Vihar, and Wazirpur experienced some of the worst conditions, with AQI readings exceeding 400.

Despite the worsening air quality, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has not yet implemented Stage 3 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), which would include halting in-person classes for primary schools and suspending construction activities. Currently, GRAP Stage 2, which was enacted on October 22, remains in effect. Stage 4, the highest level, is triggered when the 24-hour average AQI crosses the ‘severe plus’ threshold.

The CAQM, however, anticipates a possible improvement due to stronger winds, which may help reduce pollutant levels and shift AQI back into the “very poor” category.

Wednesday also brought Delhi its first dense fog and lowest daytime temperature of the season, which contributed to pollutant accumulation. Safdarjung recorded a temperature drop from 32.8°C on Tuesday to 27.8°C on Wednesday.

Of the 36 monitoring stations in Delhi, 30 reported AQI in the “severe” category. The CPCB defines AQI categories as follows: 0-50 as ‘good,’ 51-100 ‘satisfactory,’ 101-200 ‘moderate,’ 201-300 ‘poor,’ 301-400 ‘very poor,’ 401-450 ‘severe,’ and above 450 as ‘severe plus.’

Should the air quality remain at this level, restrictions under Stage 3 of GRAP, including bans on construction, demolition, and certain vehicles, may be imposed to curb pollution.

Delhi Air Pollution: Smog and Low Visibility Continue as AQI Remains ‘Very Poor’ for 15th Day

November 13, 2024, 7:55 am

A thick blanket of smog, coupled with fog and mist, blanketed Delhi and parts of the National Capital Region (NCR) on Wednesday morning, significantly reducing visibility. The air quality index (AQI) remained in the “very poor” category, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

At 5 am on Wednesday, the average AQI in Anand Vihar, Delhi, was recorded at 393. In Noida, the AQI reached hazardous levels of 1133, with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant.

The dense smog, along with shallow fog, led to reduced visibility throughout the morning hours, and experts warn that the hazy conditions are expected to persist into the evening and night, exacerbating health risks, especially for individuals with respiratory conditions.

Delhi has been grappling with “very poor” air quality since October 30, when the AQI was recorded at 307. Stubble burning in nearby Punjab and Haryana is often cited as a major contributor to the worsening air quality in the region.

On Tuesday, several cities in Punjab and Haryana also reported poor air quality, with Chandigarh’s AQI reaching 349, placing it in the “very poor” category. Punjab recorded 83 new farm fires, bringing the total to 7,112 for the season.

In Haryana, cities such as Kaithal, Jind, and Gurugram reported AQI values in the “poor” range, with Kaithal’s AQI reaching 291.

The AQI scale ranges from “good” (0-50) to “severe plus” (above 450). The ongoing pollution has also caused disruptions, including the abandonment of Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar’s visit to Ludhiana. His flight could not land at the Halwara airport due to poor visibility, forcing him to redirect his travel plans.

Delhi Residents Admitted In AIIMS in Large Numbers For Asthma, COPD; Doctors Shocked

November 7, 2024, 5:03 pm

As Delhi grapples with air pollution, several patients with respiratory problems are visiting the OPD of the Pulmonology Department in New Delhi’s All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), a doctor said on Thursday. Scores of patients were seen at the OPD of the Pulmonology Department, AIIMS, as shown in visuals.

Dr. Karan Madan, Associate Professor in the Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine at AIIMS says, “We are seeing that patients are having a lot of problems. Patients who have respiratory diseases like asthma, and COPD patients. We are seeing a lot more patients in the OPD now. Many patients have complained their asthma is getting worse.”

He added, “And many of our patients have come with severe exacerbation, what we call a severe worsening of symptoms. And many patients have required admission also. So I think it is a tough time for our patients who have respiratory problems…”

Dr. Madan advised patients with respiratory problems to stay indoors and avoid exposure to outdoor activity. “We have seen approximately a 15 to 20 per cent increase in the number of patients who have come with worsening respiratory problems, patients who have pre-existing asthma, we are seeing a lot more patients with asthma exacerbation…Patients who have respiratory problems must avoid exposure to outdoor activity,” he said. “If you want to exercise, better would be to exercise indoors so that your air pollution exposure is less. If you have asthma, take your inhalers regularly…,” Dr. Madan added.

Delhi’s air quality has deteriorated significantly in recent days, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaching hazardous levels. On November 1, 2024, the city recorded an AQI of 428, indicating severe pollution levels.

This spike in pollution has been attributed to several factors, including the defiance of firecracker bans during Diwali celebrations, which led to a thick smog enveloping the city.

The surge in respiratory issues among Delhi residents is a direct consequence of this deteriorating air quality. Hospitals across the city have reported a significant increase in patients experiencing respiratory distress. The Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) anticipates that pollution levels will remain high in early November due to increased incidents of stubble burning in neighboring states.

In response to the escalating health crisis, the Delhi government has implemented several measures to combat air pollution. These include fines for owners of polluting vehicles and construction sites, as well as discussions about inducing artificial rain to alleviate the smog.

Residents are advised to take precautions to protect their health during this period of severe air pollution. Staying indoors, using air purifiers, and wearing masks when outside can help reduce exposure to harmful pollutants. Those with pre-existing respiratory conditions should follow their treatment plans diligently and consult healthcare providers if symptoms worsen.

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The current situation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address air pollution in Delhi, involving coordinated efforts from government authorities, healthcare providers, and the public to mitigate health risks and improve air quality in the long term.

Delhi Deploys 200 ‘Anti-Smog Guns’ to Combat Post-Diwali Pollution

November 1, 2024, 4:45 pm

In response to escalating air pollution in Delhi, Environment Minister Gopal Rai announced on Friday the deployment of 200 mobile anti-smog guns across the city. This initiative aims to mitigate the severe air quality deterioration observed post-Diwali celebrations.

Minister Rai highlighted that four days prior, Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) had surpassed 350, with expectations of it exceeding 400 following Diwali. However, due to collective efforts, the AQI stabilized at 360. He commended Delhi residents for their responsible behavior, particularly in refraining from bursting firecrackers, which significantly contributed to controlling pollution levels.

The deployment strategy involves assigning two mobile anti-smog guns to each of Delhi’s 70 assembly constituencies, operating in three shifts to ensure continuous water sprinkling. This measure is part of a broader water sprinkle campaign aimed at reducing airborne particulate matter.

Despite these efforts, several areas in Delhi recorded ‘very poor’ air quality levels. Anand Vihar reported an AQI of 395, Aya Nagar 352, Jahangirpuri 390, and Dwarka 376. Such levels pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations.

The pollution issue extends beyond Delhi, with cities like Chennai and Mumbai experiencing similar conditions. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data indicates that post-Diwali celebrations have led to substantial pollution levels nationwide, raising concerns about air quality and public health.

Minister Rai emphasized the government’s commitment to enhancing air quality measures, including increasing the frequency of water sprinkling across the capital. He expressed optimism that continued public cooperation and government initiatives would lead to improved air quality in the future.

The deployment of anti-smog guns is part of Delhi’s Winter Action Plan, which includes measures such as drone monitoring, an intensified anti-dust campaign, formation of task forces, and road-sweeping machines to combat air pollution. The plan focuses on 21 key areas and aims to address pollution sources comprehensively.

Additionally, the Delhi government has imposed a ban on the production, storage, sale, and use of firecrackers until January 1, aiming to curb pollution during the winter months. This measure is part of a series of actions taken annually to address New Delhi’s severe air quality issues.

Despite these efforts, challenges remain. The enforcement of firecracker bans has been difficult, with many residents defying the restrictions during Diwali celebrations. This defiance has contributed to hazardous air quality levels, with the AQI reaching 348, according to Swiss firm IQ Air.

The government continues to urge residents to cooperate with pollution control measures and adopt environmentally friendly practices to improve air quality. Public awareness campaigns and community engagement are being emphasized to foster a collective effort in combating air pollution.

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In conclusion, while the deployment of anti-smog guns and other measures represent significant steps towards addressing Delhi’s air pollution crisis, sustained public cooperation and comprehensive policy implementation are essential to achieve long-term improvements in air quality.

Delhi Struggles with ‘Very Poor’ Air Quality Despite Firecracker Ban

October 28, 2024, 6:44 am

On Monday morning, Delhi’s air quality showed a small improvement. The Air Quality Index (AQI) averaged 264 at 6 a.m., down by almost 90 points from the previous day. However, the air quality still fell in the “very poor” category, which remains harmful to health, according to the IQair website.

Winds Boost AQI, but Pollution Remains High

The recent improvement in air quality results from a slight increase in wind speed. Over the past two days, stagnant air worsened pollution, driving AQI levels higher.

Pitampura and Defence Colony See Varied AQI Levels

Pitampura’s AQI stood at 167 early Monday, showing better air quality than other parts of the city. However, areas like Defence Colony recorded AQI levels over 320, indicating a worsening trend in pollution.

Pollution Worsens with Calm Winds

On Sunday, calm winds kept pollutants trapped, and air quality in Delhi dropped to “very poor.” The city’s AQI climbed to 355 by 4 p.m., compared to 255 on Saturday, reported the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

Out of Delhi’s 40 monitoring stations, 37 reported data, with three—Bawana, Burari, and Jahangirpuri—showing “severe” pollution levels.

Delhi Takes Steps to Control Pollution

With Diwali and winter approaching, the Delhi government has introduced several pollution-control measures. These steps include promoting public transport, reducing dust, and banning firecrackers during the festival.

The Centre’s Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is also in effect. Since October 21, the Commission for Air Quality and Management (CAQM) has activated GRAP Stage 2, targeting AQI levels between 301 and 400.

Firecracker Ban to Curb Pollution

Delhi-NCR has banned traditional firecrackers since 2020, allowing only “green crackers” without barium salts. To prevent misuse, officials continue to impose a blanket ban during winter.

The Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) banned the manufacture, sale, storage, and online delivery of firecrackers until January 1, 2025. Yet, cross-border smuggling and doorstep delivery of banned firecrackers may still add to Delhi’s pollution issues.

Delhi Air Pollution Panel Deploys ‘Flying Squads’ Following Supreme Court’s Criticism

October 1, 2024, 11:20 pm

The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) set up ‘flying squads’ to monitor and curb stubble burning and poor waste disposal in Haryana and Punjab, days after stern remarks by the Supreme Court on worsening air pollution in Delhi, NDTV reported.

The CAQM, which regulates Delhi’s air quality said that these teams would collaborate with local pollution control boards of 10 districts in Haryana and 16 in Punjab to address pollution impacts on Delhi.

The Supreme Court Justices, Abhay S Oka and AG Masih, on Friday took cognisance of Delhi’s worsening air quality, which increasingly became a chronic problem owing to burning stubbles, vehicular emission, and dust as a result of construction. The court criticized CAQM for not attending meetings frequently and of not acting: “Have committees been constituted? Please show us a single step taken. Just see the affidavit. Show us a single direction issued under S 12 and others.”.

The CAQM has outlined plans for squads to track the stubble burning across affected districts between October 1 and November 30 and will coordinate efforts with local officials to reduce the content of pollution. “The squads will report daily to the Commission and CPCB about the measures taken to prevent further incidents of paddy stubble burning in the allocated district,” the CAQM said in a statement.

Delhi’s air quality index dipped to 235 last week for the first time in four months. CAQM put emphasis on vehicular emissions as one of the biggest contributors to this deterioration. In the winters, Delhi’s air quality sometimes dips below 500; then the problems start: from health issues to life disruptions.

Delhi air pollution: Environment Minister Gopal Rai convenes a ministerial meeting today

November 9, 2023, 12:32 pm

As the city’s air quality remained in the severe category, Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai called a meeting of all government ministers this afternoon to discuss possible actions.

The overall Air Quality Index (AQI) in the National Capital continues to be in the ‘severe’ category, as per the data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Toxic smog continued to persist over several parts of the city on Thursday morning.
As per the Office of the Environment Minister, the meeting will be attended by Finance and Revenue Minister Atishi, Health Minister Saurabh Bhardwaj, Transport Minister Kailash Gehlot, Social Welfare Minister Rajkumar Anand and Food and Supply Minister Imran Hussain.
The meeting will be held at the Delhi Secretariat at 12:30 p.m.

“In view of the serious situation of pollution in Delhi, Environment Minister Gopal Rai called a meeting of all the ministers of Delhi,” officials said.

The System of Air Quality Forecasting and Research (SAFAR-India) released data showing that the AQI in Anand Vihar was 432 (severe category), and 453 (severe category) in the RK Puram area. While ITO is at 441 (severe category), Punjab Bagh’s air quality was measured at 444 (severe category).

The Supreme Court on Tuesday expressed grave concern over the hazardous air quality in the national capital and directed that farmers should stop stubble burning forthwith in Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, saying it was one of the major contributors to air pollution.
It also observed that schemes like odd-even for vehicles to tackle pollution issues mere optics.

Breathe Easy: 5 Actions to Beat Holiday Air Pollution this Season!

November 2, 2023, 6:39 pm

As the holiday season approaches, the festive spirit is accompanied by an alarming increase in air pollution. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) has remained in the “very poor” category for the sixth consecutive day on November 2 at around 6 a.m. The primary cause of this concerning trend is the widespread use of fireworks and firecrackers during celebrations, which emit hazardous pollutants. These pollutants endanger both human health and the environment. To address these concerns during festive occasions such as Diwali, experts recommend taking proactive measures to navigate this holiday season while ensuring a cleaner and healthier environment.

Here are five essential measures that can significantly aid in combating excessive air pollution during this festive period:

Limit Outdoor Exposure: Consider minimizing time spent outdoors, especially during peak pollution hours. Staying indoors, particularly for individuals with respiratory issues or sensitivity to pollution, can be immensely beneficial.
Wear masks: Opt for high-quality masks, such as N95 or N99, when stepping outside, particularly amidst festive activities when pollution levels surge. These masks effectively filter harmful pollutants.
Reduce the usage of firecrackers: Fireworks, which are popular during festivals, significantly contribute to increased air pollution. To help mitigate this, reduce or eliminate the use of firecrackers, which will help reduce pollution levels.
Set up air purifiers: Consider investing in home air purifiers. These devices effectively eliminate pollutants from the indoor air, ensuring a cleaner environment for your family.
Close all doors and windows. Keep your doors and windows closed to prevent polluted air from entering your home. Use air purifiers if available.

Implementing these five proactive measures has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of air pollution during the holiday season, resulting in cleaner and healthier environments for everyone to enjoy the festivities without jeopardizing their health.

Air pollution is a ‘silent killer’, says doctors

November 6, 2022, 11:45 am

Delhi’s air quality on Saturday somewhat improved to the “very poor” category after two days of “severe” pollution levels. The city recorded an air quality index (AQI) of 381, according to the daily bulletin published by the Central Pollution Control Board.

However, even this is enough for a young, healthy adult to develop respiratory complications, health experts said.

Pollution is a “silent killer,” according to Dr. Randeep Guleria, former director of AIIMS and head of the department of pulmonary medicine and sleep disorders. The rising levels of pollution in Delhi can be seen in the rise in patients at AIIMS who have respiratory disorders.

Coughing, sneezing, irritation of the airways, skin infections, and respiratory distress are only a few of the immediate effects of the continuous pollution spell over the Capital and the surrounding regions, according to Dr. Sumit Ray, head of the critical care department at Holy Family Hospital. The muscles in the airways that connect the windpipe to the lungs tighten as a result of chronic exposure to high pollution levels, he added, and this causes the airways to gradually constrict.

“Even for a healthy person, the long-term impact of such high and prolonged pollution can be serious. We have seen that if a healthy person is not a smoker, they are usually unlikely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but now we are commonly seeing this among non-smokers, and that could be attributed to pollution,” said Ray.

Dr Bhagwan Mantri, consultant pulmonologist and critical care specialist at Moolchand Hospital, said Delhi residents experience unsafe levels of pollution all year round. In winter, the episodes become more severe, Mantri said, adding that such prolonged exposure to high pollution levels, with episodic peaks that go to dangerous levels, leads over time to the weakening of a healthy person’s respiratory system.

According to health experts, particulate matter, which may enter the bloodstream and lungs and cause serious health problems, is the main cause of pollution in the Capital.

People who have recovered from Covid-19 have been cautioned by Dr. Deepak Gupta, professor of neurosurgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), to take extra precautions during periods of high pollution levels.

“Not just relatively minor symptoms, such high pollution levels can trigger many more serious health complications, including lung cancer. Especially people who survived Covid-19 need to be careful,” Gupta said.

“Pollution harms people more than even cigarette smoke does. People must minimise their outdoor activities and exposure to high-pollution areas on days when pollution levels are at their highest. According to Guleria, the number of ailments brought on by pollution is rising,” Dr. Randeep Guleria said.

Delhi air quality worsens to severe category, worst since last Dec

November 1, 2022, 12:19 pm

With an air quality index (AQI) of 426 at 9am on Tuesday, the highest reading so far this year, Delhi’s pollution levels worsened and fell into the severe category.

Due to a spike in agricultural fires and weather conditions that encouraged the buildup of pollutants, the city was on track to experience its worst air pollution levels since December 26, 2021, when the AQI was 459 in the city. Under the influence of a western disturbance, which is anticipated to cause a change in wind direction, some relief was anticipated beginning on November 4.

Delhi got a 404 AQI on January 2 of this year. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), which publishes a bulletin each day at 4 p.m., said that it was 392 on Monday (extremely poor). Sunday saw the AQI of 352 (extremely poor).

Data from the CPCB’s Sameer app revealed that at least 26 of the 37 ambient air quality monitoring stations recorded severe category pollution at 9am on Tuesday. The area with the highest air quality index was Burari Crossing (477), followed by Jahangirpuri (475) and Sonia Vihar (475). (469).

Between 0 and 50, the air quality index (AQI) is considered acceptable, between 51 and 100, satisfactory, 101 to 200, moderate, 201 to 300, bad, 301 to 400, and 401 to 500, severe.

Experts said the pollution from stubble burning was rising with an increase in farm fires while meteorological conditions such as calm winds, low temperatures, and a low mixing height were also favourable for the accumulation of pollutants.

India Meteorological Department (IMD) scientist V K Soni, who is also part of the Commission for Air Quality Management, said mostly calm winds from the northwesterly direction and stable atmospheric conditions are favourable for the accumulation of pollutants. He added the mixing layer height, within which pollutants get trapped, was dropping and was currently less than 500 metres. “This is why pollutants are unable to disperse and a haze is visible,” he said.

IMD scientist R K Jenamani said calm wind conditions and a strong northwesterly will persist until November 4 onwards when the western disturbance is expected to bring some respite. “While this… [western disturbance] will be far from Delhi-NCR [National Capital Region], it will lead to a change in wind direction to easterly and may increase local wind speed too.”

The northern plains have seen an increase in farm fires. In Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, 2,221 fires were reported on Monday as opposed to 1,916 the day before. NASA satellite imagery showed a heavy cloud of smoke covering the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

According to the earth sciences ministry and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology’s Decision Support System, which the CAQM employs, stubble burning contributed roughly 17% of Delhi’s PM 2.5 levels on Monday.

The earth sciences ministry’s System of Air Quality Management and Weather Forecasting and Research (Safar) estimated the contribution as about 22%. According to Safar, the contribution from burning stubble reached a season high of 26% on Sunday. With northwesterly winds blowing in the direction of the capital, it was predicted to stay at a same height.

On Tuesday morning, Delhi recorded a minimum temperature of 15.2 degrees Celsius, a degree below normal, and the maximum temperature was predicted to be about 32 degrees.

As pollution levels rise, Delhi’s air quality in moderate category

September 29, 2022, 12:34 pm

As pollution levels continued to rise, Delhi’s air quality was rated as moderate on Thursday. This is partly because of dry, northwesterly winds that are moving into the area and are predicted to raise the temperature to 36 degrees Celsius by the weekend.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board, the Air Quality Index (AQI) was 149 at 7am on Thursday compared to 140 at 4pm a day earlier.

On September 19, when the AQI reached 182 (moderate), Delhi experienced haze for the first time this month. From September 22 to 25, a four-day rainstorm controlled the haze. On September 25, when the AQI dropped to 52, Delhi saw its cleanest air day of the year (satisfactory). On Monday, the AQI was 100, and the smog once more enveloped the city (satisfactory). On Tuesday and Wednesday, the moderate category of the AQI was at 108 and 140, respectively.

Union earth sciences ministry’s Air Quality Early Warning System said the AQI will remain in the moderate category until Saturday despite a gradual rise in air pollution levels.

“The air quality is likely to deteriorate but remain in the ‘moderate’ category on September 29 and 30 [Friday and Saturday]. The air quality is likely to deteriorate further and reach the upper end of the ‘moderate’ category on October 1 [Sunday],” said EWS in its forecast.

Thursday is forecast to have a maximum temperature of 35 degrees Celsius and a low temperature of 24 degrees Celsius. On Wednesday, temperatures ranged from a low of 23.6 degrees to a high of 34.2 degrees Celsius.

Due to an increase in moisture, rain is anticipated by October 4.

“We will see a gradual rise in temperatures over the next few days as northwesterly winds are raising the mercury,” said India Meteorological Department scientist R K Jenamani. He added Delhi may have overcast weather during this period. “…but the next spell of rain is only expected around October 4 or 5 when moisture content increases once again.”

Delhi, Punjab plans to jointly pay incentives to cut stubble burning

September 10, 2022, 11:35 am

After the Union government turned down their request for funds, the governments of Punjab and Delhi are working on finalising a monetary incentive for farmers who do not burn their paddy residue after harvesting, according to the officials.

The incentive, which was initially set at 2,500 per acre, is likely to be reduced to 1,000 per acre as a result of the Centre’s decision. The scheme will be critical in efforts to discourage farmers from burning crop residue after harvest, which is a convenient way for them to clear fields but produces clouds of smoke that cause the world’s worst air pollution crisis in much of North India.

“We had sought the support of 1,125 crores from the Union government in the total outlay of 1,875 crores while 375 crores each was to be contributed by Punjab and Delhi governments. Now, we have received a communication from the ministry of agriculture that our proposal has been rejected,” said Punjab chief secretary VK Janjua.

The chief secretary added that the states are still negotiating the incentive, which could now be reduced to $1,000 per acre. The Punjab government has set aside 200 crores in its budget this year to combat stubble burning.

On Friday, the Union Agriculture Ministry did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Officials from the Delhi government did not reveal how they planned to encourage farmers not to burn the residue.

However, officials who requested anonymity said they have already begun planning to spray a bio-decomposer solution free of charge across Basmati and non-Basmati fields in Delhi. The solution, developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in Pusa, naturally decomposes paddy straw in 15-30 days, eliminating the need for it to be burned.

Delhi’s environment and development minister, Gopal Rai, chaired a review meeting on Thursday to assess preparations for the event, and the agriculture department was asked to get farmers in Delhi to fill out a form as soon as possible to identify fields that need to be sprayed.

Stubble burning and finding a solution to it is one of the 15 key focus areas identified by the Delhi government for its winter air pollution action plan.

However, convincing farmers in Punjab to abandon the practice appears to be the most pressing issue.

During the Kharif season, nearly three million hectares of paddy are planted in Punjab. Every year, the state produces approximately 18.5 million tonnes of paddy crop residue. 49% of this is managed in situ (mixing the residue into the soil) and ex-situ (used as fuel), with the remainder set ablaze.

Most farmers burn the residue because it is a quick and inexpensive way to clear the fields for the sowing of the rabi season wheat crop, which has a very short window.

As a result, Delhi and its surrounding areas have dangerously high levels of air pollution.

“The agriculture ministry has rejected our proposal citing that 275 crores have already been sanctioned for supplying subsidised machines for in-situ management of paddy straw,” said an official in Punjab’s agriculture department who was present at the meetings with central officials. Farmers will receive 32,100 more subsidised machines thanks to the funds allocated.

At least 90,000 machines have been supplied to farmers in Punjab over the last four seasons, with the Centre releasing 269 crores, 273 crores, 272 crores, and 331 crores in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively.